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Group theory is used in many textbooks of contemporary physics. However, electromagnetic community often considers group theory as an "exotic" tool. Graduate and postgraduate textbooks on electromagnetics and electrodynamics usually do not…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-08-31 Victor Dmitriev

The aim of these notes is to provide a succinct, accessible introduction to some of the basic ideas of category theory and categorical logic. The notes are based on a lecture course given at Oxford over the past few years. They contain…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Samson Abramsky , Nikos Tzevelekos

Translated from the Latin original, "De numeris amicabilibus" (1747). E100 in the Enestroem index. Euler starts by saying that with the success of mathematical analysis, number theory has been neglected. He argues that number theory is…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2009-08-11 Leonhard Euler , Jordan Bell

The problem of advancing coordinatization of mathematics is considered. The need to develop a theory for measuring value and complexity of mathematical implications and proofs is discussed including motivations, benefits and implementation…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Peteris Daugulis

Deduction modulo is a way to express a theory using computation rules instead of axioms. We present in this paper an extension of deduction modulo, called Polarized deduction modulo, where some rules can only be used at positive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Gilles Dowek

These lecture notes are based on a set of six lectures that I gave in Edinburgh in 2008/2009 and they cover some topics in the interface between Geometry and Physics. They involve some unsolved problems and conjectures and I hope they may…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-09-27 Michael Atiyah

A theorem prover without an extensive library is much less useful to its potential users. Algebra, the study of algebraic structures, is a core component of such libraries. Algebraic theories also are themselves structured, the study of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Jacques Carette , William M. Farmer , Yasmine Sharoda

Deep learning (DL) has gained much attention and become increasingly popular in modern data science. Computer scientists led the way in developing deep learning techniques, so the ideas and perspectives can seem alien to statisticians.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-05 G. Jogesh Babu , David Banks , Hyunsoon Cho , David Han , Hailin Sang , Shouyi Wang

We are used to the fact that most if not all physical theories are based on the set of real numbers (or another associative division algebra). These all have a cardinality larger than that of the natural numbers, i.e. form a continuum. It…

General Physics · Physics 2022-10-07 Mate Csanad

These notes are a record of lectures given in the Workshop on Connections Between Algebra and Geometry at the University of Regina, May 29--June 1, 2012. The lectures were meant as an introduction to current research problems related to fat…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-10-15 Susan Cooper , Brian Harbourne

We explain the notion of the {\em entropy} of a discrete random variable, and derive some of its basic properties. We then show through examples how entropy can be useful as a combinatorial enumeration tool. We end with a few open…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-01 David Galvin

This thesis presents an alternative to Cantor's theory of cardinality, insofar as that is understood as a theory of set size. The alternative is based on a general theory, ClassSize. ClassSize contains all sentences in the first order…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Fred M. Katz

We summarize the major results in number theory of the last decade.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2010-12-14 Adam Grygiel

Not only a review of Weintraub's Differential Forms: Theory and Practice but also a discussion of why differential forms should be taught to undergraduates and an overview of some of the other possible texts that could be used.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-03-29 Thomas Garrity

We will see that key concepts of number theory can be defined for arbitrary operations. We give a generalized distributivity for hyperoperations (usual arithmetic operations and operations going beyond exponentiation) and a generalization…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-01-06 Patrick St-Amant

Statistical analysis of repeat misprints in scientific citations leads to the conclusion that about 80% of scientific citations are copied from the lists of references used in othe papers. Based on this finding a mathematical theory of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 M. V. Simkin , V. P. Roychowdhury

This is an expanded version of my Shaw Prize Lecture delivered at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-30 G. Lusztig

These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-09-08 Ariel Caticha

These lectures provide a pedagogical introduction to inflation and the theory of cosmological perturbations generated during inflation which are thought to be the origin of structure in the universe.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-01-31 Antonio Riotto

The purpose of this short note is to show the interplay between math outreach and conducting original research, in particular how each can build off the other.