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Phylogenetic algebraic geometry is concerned with certain complex projective algebraic varieties derived from finite trees. Real positive points on these varieties represent probabilistic models of evolution. For small trees, we recover…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Nicholas Eriksson , Kristian Ranestad , Bernd Sturmfels , Seth Sullivant

We develop basic notions and methods of algebraic geometry over the algebraic objects called hyperrings. Roughly speaking, hyperrings generalize rings in such a way that an addition is `multi-valued'. This paper largely consisits of two…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-12-16 Jaiung Jun

An introductory overview of vector spaces, algebras, and linear geometries over an arbitrary commutative field is given. Quotient spaces are emphasized and used in constructing the exterior and the symmetric algebras of a vector space.…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2011-10-18 Richard A. Smith

What is the best representation for doing euclidean geometry on computers? These notes from a SIGGRAPH 2019 short course entitled "Geometric algebra for computer graphics" introduce projective geometric algebra (PGA) as a modern framework…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Charles G. Gunn

This note recapitulates and expands the contents of a tutorial on the mathematical theory of algebraic effects and handlers which I gave at the Dagstuhl seminar 18172 "Algebraic effect handlers go mainstream". It is targeted roughly at the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Andrej Bauer

We deal with equations over free semilattice of infinite rank and prove that any infinite consistent system of equations is equivalent to its finite subsystem. Moreover, we describe irreducible algebraic sets and solve some algorithmic…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-14 Artem N. Shevlyakov

We give a general account of family algebras over a finitely presented linear operad, this operad together with its presentation naturally defining an algebraic structure on the set of parameters.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Loic Foissy , Dominique Manchon , Yuanyuan Zhang

Geometric (Clifford) algebra provides an efficient mathematical language for describing physical problems. We formulate general relativity in this language. The resulting formalism combines the efficiency of differential forms with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthew R. Francis , Arthur Kosowsky

The paper has a form of a survey and consists of three parts. It is focused on the relationship between the many-sorted theory, which leads to logical geometry and one-sorted theory, which is based on the important model-theoretic concepts.…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-06-13 Boris Plotkin , Eugene Plotkin

This is an attempt to present axioms for Euclidean geometry, aiming at the following goals: to work with geometric notions (thus not merely identify points with pairs of numbers, giving a special status to a particular coordinate system);…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eliahu Levy

For the first time, we have introduced the concept of N-groups, N-semigroups, N-loops, and N-groupoids. We also define a mixed N-algebraic structure. The main aim of this book is to attract young mathematicians to this interesting field. It…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache

A universal symmetry algebra organizing the gravitational phase space has been recently found. It corresponds to the subset of diffeomorphisms that become physical at corners -- codimension-$2$ surfaces supporting Noether charges. It…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-10 Luca Ciambelli , Robert G. Leigh

Theory of representations of F-algebra is a natural development of the theory of F-algebra. Exploring of morphisms of the representation leads to the concepts of generating set and basis of representation. In the book I considered the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Aleks Kleyn

The purpose of this survey article is to introduce the reader to a connection between Logic, Geometry, and Algebra which has recently come to light in the form of an interpretation of the constructive type theory of Martin-L\"of into…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-12 Steve Awodey

In this paper we discuss, from a historical and philosophical point of view, a variation of the meaning of the five postulates in Euclidean Geometry and we make a short reference to D. Hilberts formalism. We examine, throughout the ages,…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-11-10 Ioannis Rizos , Nikolaos Gkrekas

We introduce generalised orbit algebras. The purpose here is to measure how some combinatorial properties can characterize the action of a group of permutations on the subsets. The similarity with orbit algebras is such that it took the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-08-24 Xavier Buchwalder

In universal algebraic geometry, an algebra is called an equational domain if the union of two algebraic sets is algebraic. We characterize equational domains, with respect to polynomial equations, inside congruence permutable varieties,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Erhard Aichinger , Mike Behrisch , Bernardo Rossi

A representation of the Dirac algebra, derived from first principles, can be related to the combinations of unit charges which determine particle structures. The algebraic structure derives from a broken symmetry between 4-vectors and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Rowlands , J. P. Cullerne

In this note we point out that the definition of the universal enveloping dialgebra for a Leibniz algebra is consistent with the interpretation of a Leibniz algebra as a generalization not of a Lie algebra, but of the adjoint representation…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2011-01-21 Jacob Mostovoy

Linear algebra is usually defined over a field such as the reals or complex numbers. It is possible to extend this to skew fields such as the quaternions. However, to the authors' knowledge there is no commonly accepted notation of linear…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-03-21 Dominik Schulz , Reiner S. Thomä