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A proof of the continuous martingale convergence theorem is provided. It relies on a classical martingale inequality and the almost sure convergence of a uniformly bounded non-negative super-martingale, after a truncation argument.
Many trace inequalities can be expressed either as concavity/convexity theorems or as monotonicity theorems. A classic example is the joint convexity of the quantum relative entropy which is equivalent to the Data Processing Inequality. The…
We give a simple proof of Kolmogorov's theorem on the persistence of a quasiperiodic invariant torus in Hamiltonian systems. The theorem is first reduced to a well-posed inversion problem (Herman's normal form) by switching the frequency…
Doob's theorem provides guarantees of consistent estimation and posterior consistency under very general conditions. Despite the limitation that it only guarantees consistency on a set with prior probability 1, for many models arising in…
The ratio monotonicity of a polynomial is a stronger property than log-concavity. Let P(x) be a polynomial with nonnegative and nondecreasing coefficients. We prove the ratio monotone property of P(x+1), which leads to the log-concavity of…
In this article we provide a proof of the so called absolute continuity theorem for random dynamical systems on $R^d$ which have an invariant probability measure. First we present the construction of local stable manifolds in this case.…
It is known that a gambler repeating a game with positive expected value has a positive probability to never go broke. We use the mass transport method to prove the generalization of this fact where the gains from the bets form a…
We prove a law of large numbers in terms of complete convergence of independent random variables taking values in increments of monotone functions, with convergence uniform both in the initial and the final time. The result holds also for…
The theory of random matrices contains many central limit theorems. We have central limit theorems for eigenvalues statistics, for the log-determinant and log-permanent, for limiting distribution of individual eigenvalues in the bulk, and…
We study the strong unique continuation property backwards in time for the nonlocal equation in $\mathbb{R}^{n} \times \mathbb{R}$ \begin{equation}\label{one} (\partial_t - \Delta)^{s} u = V(x,t)u \end{equation} for $s \in (0,1)$. Our main…
Essentially all anytime-valid methods hinge on Ville's inequality to gain validity across time without incurring a union bound. Ville's inequality is a proper generalisation of Markov's inequality. It states that a non-negative…
In this paper, we show that the likelihood-ratio measure (a) is invariant with respect to dominating sigma-finite measures, (b) satisfies logical consequences which are not satisfied by standard $p$-values, (c) respects frequentist…
We prove a central limit theorem for Birkhoff sums of the Rosen continued fraction algorithm. A Lasota-Yorke bound is obtained for general one-dimensional continued fractions with the bounded variation space, which implies quasi-compactness…
We study the asymptotic behaviour of the well-known Dykstra's algorithm through the lens of proof-theoretical techniques. We provide an elementary proof for the convergence of Dykstra's algorithm in which the standard argument is stripped…
In this paper, a new proof of the Positive Mass Theorem is established through a newly discovered monotonicity formula, holding along the level sets of the Green's function of an asymptotically flat $3$-manifold. In the same context and for…
Using the Markov distance and Ptolemy inequality introduced by Lee-Li-Rabideau-Schiffler \cite{LLRS}, we completely determine the monotonicity of the generalized Markov numbers along the lines of a given slope.
In this short note a new proof of the monotone con- vergence theorem of Lebesgue integral on \sigma-class is given.
A positive mass theorem for General Relativity Theory is proved. The proof is 4-dimensional in nature, and relies completely on arguments pertaining to causal structure, the basic idea being that positive energy-density focuses null…
The vanishing of the divergence of the total stress tensor (magnetic plus kinetic) in a neighborhood of an equilibrium plasma containing a toroidal surface of discontinuity gives boundary and jump conditions that strongly constrain…
The ordinary continued fractions expansion of a real number is based on the Euclidean division. Variants of the latter yield variants of the former, all encompassed by a more general Dynamical Systems framework. For all these variants the…