Related papers: Words restricted by patterns with at most 2 distin…
A permutation is called layered if it consists of the disjoint union of substrings (layers) so that the entries decrease within each layer, and increase between the layers. We find the generating function for the number of permutations on…
We prove that every proper subclass of the 321-avoiding permutations that is defined either by only finitely many additional restrictions or is well quasi-ordered has a rational generating function. To do so we show that any such class is…
In combinatorics on words, a word $w$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$ is said to avoid a pattern $p$ over an alphabet $\Delta$ if there is no factor $f$ of $w$ such that $f= (p)$ where $h: \Delta^*\to\Sigma^*$ is a non-erasing morphism. A pattern…
This paper presents a collection of experimental results regarding permutation pattern avoidance, focusing on cases where there are "many" patterns to be avoided.
Let $\mathcal{C}_n$ denote the set of words $w=w_1\cdots w_n$ on the alphabet of positive integers satisfying $w_{i+1}\leq w_i+1$ for $1 \leq i \leq n-1$ with $w_1=1$. The members of $\mathcal{C}_n$ are known as Catalan words and are…
Catalan words are particular growth-restricted words over the set of non-negative integers, and they represent still another combinatorial class counted by the Catalan numbers. We study the distribution of descents on the sets of Catalan…
In this document we achieve exact and asymptotic enumeration of words, compositions over a finite group, and/or integer compositions characterized by local restrictions and, separately, subsequence pattern avoidance. We also count…
Carpi constructed an infinite word over a 4-letter alphabet that avoids squares in all subsequences indexed by arithmetic progressions of odd difference. We show a connection between Carpi's construction and the paperfolding words. We…
We show how to enumerate words in $1^{m_1} \dots n^{m_n}$ that avoid the increasing consecutive pattern $12 \dots r$ for any $r \geq 2$. Our approach yields an $O(n^{s+1})$ algorithm to enumerate words in $1^s \dots n^s$, avoiding the…
Words in some natural languages can have a composite structure. Elements of this structure include the root (that could also be composite), prefixes and suffixes with which various nuances and relations to other words can be expressed.…
In the last decade a huge amount of articles has been published studying pattern avoidance on permutations. From the point of view of enumeration, typically one tries to count permutations avoiding certain patterns according to their…
The study of pattern avoidance in permutations, and specifically in flattened partitions is an active area of current research. In this paper, we count the number of distinct flattened partitions over [n] avoiding a single pattern, as well…
Patterns are words with terminals and variables. The language of a pattern is the set of words obtained by uniformly substituting all variables with words that contain only terminals. Regular constraints restrict valid substitutions of…
We show that the equality language of two non-periodic binary morphisms is generated by at most two words. If its rank is two, then the generators start (and end) with different letters. This in particular implies that any binary language…
In this paper, we study the pattern occurrence in $k$-ary words. We prove an explicit upper bound on the number of $k$-ary words avoiding any given pattern using a random walk argument. Additionally, we reproduce several already known…
We present four constructions of inversion sequences, and use them to compute the enumeration sequences of 24 classes of pattern-avoiding inversion sequences. This completes the enumeration of inversion sequences avoiding one or two…
We study the distribution of the statistics 'number of fixed points' and 'number of excedances' in permutations avoiding subsets of patterns of length 3. We solve all the cases of simultaneous avoidance of more than one pattern, giving…
In this paper, the problem of pattern avoidance in generalized non-crossing trees is studied. The generating functions for generalized non-crossing trees avoiding patterns of length one and two are obtained. Lagrange inversion formula is…
We exhibit a recurrence on the number of discrete line segments joining two integer points in the plane using an encoding of such segments as balanced words of given length and height over the two-letter alphabet $\{0,1\}$. We give…
Given a language L and a nondeterministic finite automaton M, we consider whether we can determine efficiently (in the size of M) if M accepts at least one word in L, or infinitely many words. Given that M accepts at least one word in L, we…