Related papers: Thirty-Six Unsolved Problems in Number Theory
A system of homogeneous linear equations with integer coefficients is partition regular if, whenever the natural numbers are finitely coloured, the system has a monochromatic solution. The Finite Sums theorem provided the first example of…
What is the largest number accessible to the human imagination? The question is neither entirely mathematical nor entirely philosophical. Mathematical formulations of the problem fall into two classes: those that fail to fully capture the…
We study computing geometric problems on uncertain points. An uncertain point is a point that does not have a fixed location, but rather is described by a probability distribution. When these probability distributions are restricted to a…
In this article, we consider a collection of geometric problems involving points colored by two colors (red and blue), referred to as bichromatic problems. The motivation behind studying these problems is two fold; (i) these problems appear…
These three topics are an attempt to explicate some curiosities of the inverse problem of representation theory (i.e. having a set of operators to describe the "correct" algebraic object, which is represented by them) on simple examples…
We present a theoretical framework for characterizing the geometrical properties of the space of solutions in constraint satisfaction problems, together with practical algorithms for studying this structure on particular instances. We apply…
Given a sequence of $N$ positive real numbers $\{a_1,a_2,..., a_N \}$, the number partitioning problem consists of partitioning them into two sets such that the absolute value of the difference of the sums of $a_j$ over the two sets is…
We present an elementary account of mathematical cosmology through a series of important unsolved problems. We introduce the fundamental notion of `a cosmology' and focus on the issue of singularities as a theme unifying many current,…
Understanding, finding, or even deciding on the existence of real solutions to a system of equations is a very difficult problem with many applications. While it is hopeless to expect much in general, we know a surprising amount about these…
We generalize overpartitions to (k,j)-colored partitions: k-colored partitions in which each part size may have at most j colors. We find numerous congruences and other symmetries. We use a wide array of tools to prove our theorems:…
Many fundamental questions in theoretical computer science are naturally expressed as special cases of the following problem: Let $G$ be a complex reductive group, let $V$ be a $G$-module, and let $v,w$ be elements of $V$. Determine if $w$…
In contrast to finite arithmetic configurations, relatively little is known about which infinite patterns can be found in every set of natural numbers with positive density. Building on recent advances showing infinite sumsets can be found,…
Wilf's Sixth Unsolved Problem asks for any interesting properties of the set of partitions of integers for which the (nonzero) multiplicities of the parts are all different. We refer to these as \emph{Wilf partitions}. Using $f(n)$ to…
This paper is a survey of computational issues in algebraic geometry, with particular attention to the theory of Grobner bases and the regularity of an algebraic variety. 1. A geometric introduction to Grobner bases. 2. An algebraic…
This is a collection of open problems in geometry that I think of as puzzles: they stick to my brain -- I see many grips, but no spare hands. Puzzle-charm is the only criterion for including a problem here; importance is ignored.
Generalized entropic projections and dominating points are solutions to convex minimization problems related to conditional laws of large numbers. They appear in many areas of applied mathematics such as statistical physics, information…
These notes are designed to offer some (perhaps new) codicils to related work, a list of problems and conjectures seeking (preferably) combinatorial proofs. The main items are Eulerian polynomials and hook/contents of Young diagram, mostly…
Do scientific theories limit human knowledge? In other words, are there physical variables hidden by essence forever? We argue for negative answers and illustrate our point on chaotic classical dynamical systems. We emphasize parallels with…
We discuss some open problems in the Geometry of Banach spaces having Ramsey-theoretic flavor. The problems are exposed together with well known results related to them.
Let $a_{r,s}(n)$ denote the number of mutlicolored partitions of $n$, wherein both even parts and odd parts may appear in one of $r$-colors and $s$-colors, respectively, for fixed $r,s\ge 1$. The paper aims to study arithmetic properties…