Related papers: Braid presentation of virtual knots and welded kno…
In classical knot theory, Markov's theorem gives a way of describing all braids with isotopic closures as links in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We present a version of Markov's theorem for extended loop braids with closure in $B^3 \times S^1$, as a…
Dye and Kauffman defined surface bracket polynomials for virtual links by use of surface states, and found a relationship between the surface states and the minimal genus of a surface in which a virtual link diagram is realized. They and…
Geometric interpretations of some virtual knot invariants are given in terms of invariants of links in $\mathbb{S}^3$. Alexander polynomials of almost classical knots are shown to be specializations of the multi-variable Alexander…
We define the virtual bridge number $vb(K)$ and the virtual unknotting number $vu(K)$ invariants for virtual knots. For ordinary knots $K$ they are closely related to the bridge number $b(K)$ and the unknotting number $u(K)$ and we have…
The virtual knot theory is a new interesting subject in the recent study of low dimensional topology. In this paper, we explore the algebraic structure underlying the virtual braid group and call it the virtual Temperley--Lieb algebra which…
We generalize the braid algebra to the case of loops with intersections. We introduce the Reidemeister moves for 4 and 6-valent vertices to have a theory of rigid vertex equivalence. By considering representations of the extended braid…
Recently, a plethora of multivariable knot polynomials were introduced by Kashaev and one of the authors, by applying the Reshetikhin-Turaev functor to rigid $R$-matrices that come from braided Hopf algebras with automorphisms. We study the…
We consider an algebra of (classical or virtual) tangles over an ordered circuit operad and introduce Conway-type invariants of tangles which respect this algebraic structure. The resulting invariants contain both the coefficients of the…
In this paper we define and give examples of a family of polynomial invariants of virtual knots and links. They arise by considering certain 2$\times$2 matrices with entries in a possibly non-commutative ring, for example the quaternions.…
We study the degree of polynomial representations of knots. We obtain the lexicographic degree for two-bridge torus knots and generalized twist knots. The proof uses the braid theoretical method developed by Orevkov to study real plane…
We introduce a recoupling theory for virtual braided trees. This recoupling theory can be utilized to incorporate swap gates into anyonic models of quantum computation.
This paper is concerned with detecting when a closed braid and its axis are 'mutually braided' in the sense of Rudolph. It deals with closed braids which are fibred links, the simplest case being closed braids which present the unknot. The…
In \cite{Kim} it is shown that knots in $S_{g} \times S^{1}$ can be presented by virtual diagrams with a decoration, so called, {\em double lines}. In this paper, we study the essential diagram for each knot in $S_{g} \times S^{1}$, which…
We show that the problem of constructing a real rational knot of a reasonably low degree can be reduced to an algebraic problem involving the pure braid group: expressing an associated element of the pure braid group in terms of the…
The paper contains an essentially self-contained treatment of Khovanov homology, Khovanov-Lee homology as well as the Rasmussen invariant for virtual knots and virtual knot cobordisms which directly applies to classical knot and classical…
Virtual knot theory is a generalization of knot theory which is based on Gauss chord diagrams and link diagrams on closed oriented surfaces. A twisted knot is a generalization of a virtual knot, which corresponds to a link diagram on a…
In the study of ribbon knots, Lamm introduced symmetric unions inspired by earlier work of Kinoshita and Terasaka. We show an identity between the twisted Alexander polynomials of a symmetric union and its partial knot. As a corollary, we…
In 2018, Kashaev introduced a square matrix indexed by the regions of a link diagram, and conjectured that it provides a novel way of computing the Levine-Tristram signature and Alexander polynomial of the corresponding oriented link. In…
In this paper, we compute the slice genus for many low-crossing virtual knots. For instance, we show that 1295 out of 92800 virtual knots with 6 or fewer crossings are slice, and that all but 248 of the rest are not slice. Key to these…
In this paper we discuss algebraic, combinatorial and topological properties of singular virtual braids. On the algebraic side we state the relations between classical and virtual singular objects, in addition we discuss a Birman-like…