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Let $\beta>1$ be a non-integer. First we show that Lebesgue almost every number has a $\beta$-expansion of a given frequency if and only if Lebesgue almost every number has infinitely many $\beta$-expansions of the same given frequency.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-09 Yao-Qiang Li

We prove that the number of copies of any given permutation pattern $q$ has an asymptotically normal distribution in random permutations.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-12-18 Miklos Bona

In this paper, we propose various sufficient conditions to determine if a given real number is an irrational number or a transcendental number and also apply these conditions to some interesting examples, particularly,one of them comes from…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-07-18 Yun Gao , Jining Gao

Scattering of electromagnetic waves lies at the heart of most experimental techniques over nearly the entire electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from radio waves to optics and X-rays. Hence, deep insight into the basics of scattering theory…

The primes or prime polynomials (over finite fields) are supposed to be distributed `irregularly' , despite nice asymptotic or average behavior. We provide some conjectures/guesses/hypotheses with `evidence' of surprising symmetries in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Dinesh S. Thakur

Let $k\ge2$ be an integer. A natural number $n$ is called $k$-perfect if $\sigma(n)=kn.$ For any integer $r\ge1$ we prove that the number of odd $k$-perfect numbers with at most $r$ distinct prime factors is bounded by $k4^{r^3}$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-23 Shi-Chao Chen , Hao Luo

Given an integer $b\geqslant 2$ and a set $P$ of prime numbers, the set $T_P $ of Toeplitz numbers comprises all elements of $[0,b[$ whose digits $(a_n)_{n\geqslant 1}$ in the base-$b$ expansion satisfy $a_n=a_{pn}$ for all $p\in P$ and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Verónica Becher , Agustín Marchionna , Gérald Tenenbaum

Some properties of the inverse of the Normal distribution are studied. Its derivatives, integrals and asymptotic behavior are presented.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Diego Dominici

We prove some new theorems in additive number theory, using novel techniques from automata theory and formal languages. As an example of our method, we prove that every natural number > 25 is the sum of at most three natural numbers whose…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Jason Bell , Thomas Finn Lidbetter , Jeffrey Shallit

An odd perfect number, N, is shown to have at least nine distinct prime factors. If 3 does not divide N, then N must have at least twelve distinct prime divisors. The proof ultimately avoids previous computational results for odd perfect…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-11 Pace P. Nielsen

We prove that a real number a greater than or equal to 2 is the irrationality exponent of some computable real number if and only if a is the upper limit of a computable sequence of rational numbers. Thus, there are computable real numbers…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-07 Verónica Becher , Yann Bugeaud , Theodore A. Slaman

We study countable graphs that -- up to isomorphism and with probability one -- arise from a random process, in a similar fashion as the Rado graph. Unlike in the classical case, we do not require that probabilities assigned to pairs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Ziemowit Kostana , Jarosław Swaczyna , Agnieszka Widz

We prove a conjecture that classifies exceptional numbers. This conjecture arises in two different ways, from cryptography and from coding theory. An odd integer $t\geq 3$ is said to be exceptional if $f(x)=x^t$ is APN (Almost Perfect…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fernando Hernando , Gary McGuire

Phenomena with a constrained sample space appear frequently in practice. This is the case e.g. with strictly positive data and with compositional data, like percentages and the like. If the natural measure of difference is not the absolute…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-02-20 G. Mateu-Figueras , V. Pawlowsky-Glahn , J. J. Egozcue

Anomalies are cases that are in some way unusual and do not appear to fit the general patterns present in the dataset. Several conceptualizations exist to distinguish between different types of anomalies. However, these are either too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Ralph Foorthuis

In contrast to finite arithmetic configurations, relatively little is known about which infinite patterns can be found in every set of natural numbers with positive density. Building on recent advances showing infinite sumsets can be found,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-15 Bryna Kra , Joel Moreira , Florian K. Richter , Donald Robertson

Many questions in experimental mathematics are fundamentally inductive in nature. Here we demonstrate how Bayesian inference --the logic of partial beliefs-- can be used to quantify the evidence that finite data provide in favor of a…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-20 Quentin F. Gronau , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

Many research works have concerned normality-preserving selection rules and operations on the sequence of digits of a given normal number that maintain or violate normality. This leads us to introduce rearrangement operations on finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-05 John M. Campbell

The phenomenon of superconvergence is proved for all freely infinitely divisible distributions. Precisely, suppose that the partial sums of a sequence of free identically distributed, infinitesimal random variables converge in distribution…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-03-16 Hari Bercovici , Jiun-Chau Wang , Ping Zhong

Central limit theorems for the log-volume of a class of random convex bodies in $\mathbb{R}^n$ are obtained in the high-dimensional regime, that is, as $n\to\infty$. In particular, the case of random simplices pinned at the origin and…