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We introduce the concept of an almost prime number generalizing a prime number. It turns out that a composite almost prime number must be a Carmichael number, in case it exists. We prove several properties of almost prime numbers and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Tigran Hakobyan

In this paper, we present a relative proof for Goldbach's strong conjecture. To this end, we first present a heuristic model for representing even numbers called Semi-continuous Model for Even Numbers or briefly S.C.E Model, and then by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Aref Zadehgol Mohammadi , Mohsen Kolahdouz

We present a novel conjecture concerning the additive representation of natural numbers using prime powers. Based on extensive computational verification, we conjecture that every integer n > 23 can be expressed as a sum of at most five…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Julius Stricker

Every natural number greater than $2$ can be written as the sum of a prime and a square-free number, and recent work has imposed additional divisibility conditions on the square-free number. We overcome limitations in these works to prove…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Ethan S. Lee , Rowan O'Clarey

Let $p_1=2, p_2=3, p_3=5, \ldots$ be the consecutive prime numbers, $S_n$ the numerical semigroup generated by the primes not less than $p_n$ and $u_n$ the largest irredundant generator of $S_n$. We will show, that $\bullet$ $u_n\sim3p_n$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Michael Hellus , Anton Rechenauer , Rolf Waldi

In this note, assuming a variant of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, which does not exclude the existence of real zeros, we prove an asymptotic formula for the mean value of the representation function for the sum of two primes in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-09 Yuta Suzuki

The document tries to put focus on sequences with certain properties and periods leading to the first value smaller than the starting value in the Collatz problem. With the idea that, if all starting numbers lead ultimately to a smaller…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-02-14 J. Stöckl

A recent heuristic argument based on basic concepts in spectral analysis showed that the twin prime conjecture and a few other related primes counting problems are valid. A rigorous version of the spectral method, and a proof for the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-10-24 N. A. Carella

The goal of this paper is to describe an elementary combinatorial heuristic that predicts Hardy and Littlewood's extended Goldbach's conjecture. We examine common features of other heuristics in additive prime number theory, such as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-18 Christian Táfula

Prime numbers are fascinating by the way they appear in the set of natural numbers. Despite several results enlighting us about their repartition, the set of prime numbers is often informally qualified as misterious. In the present paper,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Arnaud Mayeux

It is conjectured that every integer N>454 is the sum of seven nonnegative cubes. We prove the conjecture when N is congruent to 2 mod 4. This result, together with a recent proof for 4|N, shows that the conjecture is true for all even N.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-09-22 Noam D. Elkies

We proved that there are infinitely many pairs of twin prime.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Zhanle Du , Shouyu Du

Jacobsthal's function was recently generalised for the case of paired progressions. It was proven that a specific bound of this function is sufficient for the truth of Goldbach's conjecture and of the prime pairs conjecture as well. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-13 Mario Ziller , John F. Morack

We study the distribution of prime numbers under the unlikely assumption that Siegel zeros exist. In particular we prove for \[ \sum_{n \leq X} \Lambda(n) \Lambda(\pm n+h) \] an asymptotic formula which holds uniformly for $h = O(X)$. Such…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-08 Kaisa Matomäki , Jori Merikoski

The theory of Frobenius groups with Frobenius complements of even order largely reduces to tractable algebraic number theory. If we consider only Frobenius complements with an upper bound $s$ on the number of distinct primes dividing the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Ron Brown

In this paper, it is proved that every sufficiently large even integer can be represented as the sum of two squares of primes, two cubes of primes, two biquadrates of primes and 16 powers of 2. Furthermore, there are at least 5.313% odd…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Yuhui Liu

The abc conjecture, one of the most famous open problems in number theory, claims that three positive integers satisfying a+b=c cannot simultaneously have significant repetition among their prime factors; in particular, the product of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-11 Greg Martin , Winnie Miao

We prove that every sufficiently large odd integer can be expressed as a sum of one square and fourteen fifth powers, all of primes. In addition, we establish that every sufficiently large even integer can be written as a sum of one square,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Geovane Matheus Lemes Andrade

We prove that there exists a k_0>0 such that every sufficiently large odd integer n with 3\mid n can be represented as p_1+p_2+p_3, where p_1,p_2 are Chen's primes and p_3 is a prime with p_3+2 has at most k_0 prime factors.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-25 Hongze Li , Hao Pan

Some mean value theorems in the style of Bombieri-Vinogradov's theorem are discussed. They concern binary and ternary additive problems with primes in arithmetic progressions and short intervals. Nontrivial estimates for some of these mean…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-19 Karin Halupczok