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Bayes factors for composite hypotheses have difficulty in encoding vague prior knowledge, as improper priors cannot be used and objective priors may be subjectively unreasonable. To address these issues I revisit the posterior Bayes factor,…
In its most basic form, decision-making can be viewed as a computational process that progressively eliminates alternatives, thereby reducing uncertainty. Such processes are generally costly, meaning that the amount of uncertainty that can…
The generalization of the Gutzwiller approximation to inhomogeneous systems is considered, with extra spin-and-site-dependent fugacity factors included. It is found that the inclusion of fugacity factors reconciles the seemingly…
Various descending chains of subgroups of a finite permutation group can be used to define a sequence of `basic' permutation groups that are analogues of composition factors for abstract finite groups. Primitive groups have been the…
We propose a new formalism of quantum subsystems which allows to unify the existing and new methods of reduced description of quantum systems. The main mathematical ingredients are completely positive maps and correlation functions. In this…
In what follows we generalize the notion of a complemented ring to rings that are not necessarily reduced. We then determine how our concepts fit in with other well-known classes of rings.
We consider the problem of minimizing a generalized relative entropy, with respect to a reference diffusion law, over the set of path-measures with fully prescribed marginal distributions. When dealing with the actual relative entropy,…
A large class of two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ superconformal field theories can be understood as IR fixed-points of Landau-Ginzburg models. In particular, there are rational conformal field theories that also have a Landau-Ginzburg…
This paper deals with well-known extensions of the Prufer domain concept to arbitrary commutative rings. We investigate the transfer of these notions in trivial ring extensions (also called idealizations) of commutative rings by modules and…
In the current article we study structure of a Chevalley group $G(R)$ over a commutative ring $R$. We generalize and improve the following results: (1) standard, relative, and multi-relative commutator formulas; (2) nilpotent structure of…
These lecture notes provide an introduction to combinatorics on words and its interactions with dynamics, algebra, and arithmetic. The central theme is the notion of low factor complexity for infinite words. We investigate the following…
Much work has been done on generalized factorization techniques in integral domains, namely $\tau$-factorization. There has also been substantial progress made in investigating factorization in commutative rings with zero-divisors. There…
We add an analytic trans-exponential function $\varphi$ to $\mathbb{R}_{an,\exp}$. We reduce the o-minimality of $\mathbb{R}_{an,\exp,\varphi}$ to the existence of "many" regular values for some definable systems of functions, which is a…
We formulate and prove a very general relative version of the Dobrushin-Lanford-Ruelle theorem which gives conditions on constraints of configuration spaces over a finite alphabet such that for every absolutely summable relative…
We design and mathematically analyze sampling-based algorithms for regularized loss minimization problems that are implementable in popular computational models for large data, in which the access to the data is restricted in some way. Our…
This paper considers graded near-rings over a monoid G as a generalizations of the graded rings over groups, introduce certain innovative graded weakly prime ideals and graded almost prime ideals as a generalizations of graded prime ideals…
The algebraic theory of third-order tensors under the $t$-product is naturally formulated over the complex field via Fourier block diagonalization. However, many applications require real-valued representations. In this paper, we…
Using techniques from the theory of foliations, we establish the cone theorem and the contraction theorem for lc generalized pairs in full generality, and meanwhile develop the minimal model program for $\mathbb Q$-factorial foliated dlt…
We study properties of relative modular categories and derive sufficient conditions for their existence. In particular, we derive sufficient conditions for relative pre-modular categories to be non-degenerate and relative modular, and for…
Here we present an expository, general analysis of valid post-selection or post-regularization inference about a low-dimensional target parameter, $\alpha$, in the presence of a very high-dimensional nuisance parameter, $\eta$, which is…