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We present an overview of the study of the Thurston norm, introduced by W. P. Thurston in the seminal paper "A norm for the homology of 3-manifolds" (written in 1976 and published in 1986). We first review fundamental properties of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-05-09 Takahiro Kitayama

The Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality, a far-reaching generalization of the classical isoperimetric inequality to arbitrary mixed volumes, lies at the heart of convex geometry. The characterization of its extremal bodies is a long-standing open…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2022-02-04 Yair Shenfeld , Ramon van Handel

In this article, we extend Huisken's theorem that convex surfaces flow to round points by mean curvature flow. We construct certain classes of mean convex and non-mean convex hypersurfaces that shrink to round points and use these…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-05-17 Alexander Mramor , Alec Payne

We resolve the Mean Convex Neighborhood Conjecture for mean curvature flows in all dimensions and for all types of cylindrical singularities. Specifically, we show that if the tangent flow at a singular point is a multiplicity-one cylinder,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Richard H. Bamler , Yi Lai

A theorem of L. Caffarelli implies the existence of a map pushing forward a source Gaussian measure to a target measure which is more log-concave than the source one, which contracts Euclidean distance (in fact, Caffarelli showed that the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-07-20 Young-Heon Kim , Emanuel Milman

An evolving surface finite element discretisation is analysed for the evolution of a closed two-dimensional surface governed by a system coupling a generalised forced mean curvature flow and a reaction--diffusion process on the surface,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-06 Charles M. Elliott , Harald Garcke , Balázs Kovács

Over a bounded strictly convex domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with smooth boundary, we establish a priori gradient estimate for an anisotropic mean curvature flow with prescribed contact angle and Neumann boundary conditions. The estimates…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Can Cui , Nung Kwan Yip

Angular equivalence is introduced and shown to be an equivalence relation among the norms on a fixed real vector space. It is a finer notion than the usual (topological) notion of norm equivalence. Angularly equivalent norms share certain…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Eder Kikianty , Gord Sinnamon

We examine implications of angles having their own dimension, in the same sense as do lengths, masses, {\it etc.} The conventional practice in scientific applications involving trigonometric or exponential functions of angles is to assume…

General Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Peter J. Mohr , Eric Shirley , William D. Phillips , Michael Trott

Flow-based models are powerful tools for designing probabilistic models with tractable density. This paper introduces Convex Potential Flows (CP-Flow), a natural and efficient parameterization of invertible models inspired by the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Chin-Wei Huang , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Christos Tsirigotis , Aaron Courville

In this paper we present a first-order method that admits near-optimal convergence rates for convex/concave min-max problems while requiring a simple and intuitive analysis. Similarly to the seminal work of Nemirovski and the recent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Volkan Cevher , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Stratis Skoulakis

We study Tate motives with integral coefficients through the lens of tensor triangular geometry. For some base fields, including the field of algebraic numbers and the algebraic closure of a finite field, we arrive at a complete description…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-09-18 Martin Gallauer

In this note we show that $k$-convex functions on $\Bbb R^n$ are twice differentiable almost everywhere for every positive integer $k>n/2$. This generalizes the classical Alexsandrov's theorem for convex functions.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Nirmalendu Chaudhuri , Neil S. Trudinger

This paper considers a general convex constrained problem setting where functions are not assumed to be differentiable nor Lipschitz continuous. Our motivation is in finding a simple first-order method for solving a wide range of convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-19 Michael R. Metel , Akiko Takeda

This paper describes topological kinematics associated with the stirring by rods of a two-dimensional fluid. The main tool is the Thurston-Nielsen (TN) theory which implies that depending on the stirring protocol the essential topological…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-10-10 Philip Boyland

The standard $1-$equation model \ of turbulence was first derived by Prandtl and has evolved to be a common method for practical flow simulations. Five fundamental laws that any URANS model should satisfy are \[ \begin{array} [c]{ccc}…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-07-25 William Layton , Michael McLaughlin

In this work the evolution of a fluid droplet in vacuum is considered. This means that the surface tension and the fluid forces are in equilibrium at the free boundary. The fluid is governed by the incompressible quasi-steady Stokes…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Malte Kampschulte , Joonas Niinikoski , Sebastian Schwarzacher

Every element in the first cohomology group of a 3--manifold is dual to embedded surfaces. The Thurston norm measures the minimal `complexity' of such surfaces. For instance the Thurston norm of a knot complement determines the genus of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stefan Friedl , Taehee Kim

We classify transcendental entire functions that are compositions of a polynomial and the exponential for which all singular values escape on disjoint rays. The construction involves an iteration procedure on an infinite-dimensional…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Konstantin Bogdanov

We review the canonical theory for perfect fluids, in Eulerian and Lagrangian formulations. The theory is related to a description of extended structures in higher dimensions. Internal symmetry and supersymmetry degrees of freedom are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Jackiw , V. P. Nair , S. -Y. Pi , A. P. Polychronakos