Related papers: Continued fractions and Catalan problems

We provide formulas for generating functions of many types of paths in various rooted tree structures. We compute the $k$th moment of the generating functions for various types of vertical paths. In two specific familes of trees we find…

There are infinite processes (matrix products, continued fractions, $(r,s)$-matrix continued fractions, recurrence sequences) which, under certain circumstances, do not converge but instead diverge in a very predictable way. We give a…

The metrical theory of the product of consecutive partial quotients is associated with the uniform Diophantine approximation, specifically to the improvements to Dirichlet's theorem. Achieving some variant forms of metrical theory in…

We study joint distributions of cycles and patterns in permutations written in standard cycle form. We explore both classical and generalised patterns of length 2 and 3. Many extensions of classical theory are achieved; bivariate generating…

We present an algorithmic mapping from permutations of length dn to labeled n-node d-ary trees and back again. Given such a bijection, one can interpret each of the factorials in the formula for the Catalan numbers as a count of…

Continued fractions have a long history in number theory, especially in the area of Diophantine approximation. The aim of this expository paper is to survey the main results on the theory of $p$--adic continued fractions, i.e. continued…

We enumerate 132-avoiding permutations of order 3 in terms of the Catalan and Motzkin generating functions, answering a question of B\'{o}na and Smith from 2019. We also enumerate 231-avoiding permutations that are composed only of…

Recently, it has been determined that there are 242 Wilf classes of triples of 4-letter permutation patterns by showing that there are 32 non-singleton Wilf classes. Moreover, the generating function for each triple lying in a non-singleton…

We solve a problem of Marshal Hall by proving the convergence of the catalan number generating function directly on the basis of its recursion formula.

We study a natural extension to complex numbers of the standard continued fractions. The basic algorithm is due to Lagrange and Gauss, though it seems to have gone mostly unnoticed as a way to create continued fractions. The new…

We use the method of generating functions to find the limit of a $q$-continued fraction, with 4 parameters, as a ratio of certain $q$-series. We then use this result to give new proofs of several known continued fraction identities,…

We introduce and study a new notion of patterns in Stirling and $k$-Stirling permutations, which we call block patterns. We prove a general result which allows us to compute generating functions for the occurrences of various block patterns…

We recover Gessel's determinantal formula for the generating function of permutations with no ascending subsequence of length m+1. The starting point of our proof is the recursive construction of these permutations by insertion of the…

Let $T$ be a tree on $n$ vertices. We can regard the edges of $T$ as transpositions of the vertex set; their product (in any order) is a cyclic permutation. All possible cyclic permutations arise (each exactly once) if and only if the tree…

Continued fractions with prescribed structures on sequences of their partial quotients have been intensively studied in the literature. As far as an integer sequence, especially a randomly generated one is concerned, an attractive question…

It is known that the continued fraction expansion of a real number is periodic if and only if the number is a quadratic irrational. In an attempt to generalize this phenomenon to other settings, Jun-Ichi Tamura and Shin-Ichi Yasutomi have…

The notion of a mesh pattern was introduced recently, but it has already proved to be a useful tool for description purposes related to sets of permutations. In this paper we study eight mesh patterns of small lengths. In particular, we…

Motivated by the question of how macromolecules assemble, the notion of an {\it assembly tree} of a graph is introduced. Given a graph $G$, the paper is concerned with enumerating the number of assembly trees of $G$, a problem that applies…

Solving the first nonmonotonic, longer-than-three instance of a classic enumeration problem, we obtain the generating function $H(x)$ of all 1342-avoiding permutations of length $n$ as well as an {\em exact} formula for their number…

An attempt to come closer to a resolution of the Collatz conjecture is presented. The central idea is the formation of a tree consisting of positive odd numbers with number 1 as root. Functions for generating the tree from the root are…