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The Dirac quantization `procedure' for constrained systems is well known to have many subtleties and ambiguities. Within this ill-defined framework, we explore the generality of a particular interpretation of the Dirac procedure known as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Domenico Giulini , Donald Marolf

We develop a systematic Hamiltonian formulation for a gravitating topological matter system in three-dimensional spacetime, coupling a scalar gauge field and a rank-2 antisymmetric gauge field to Einstein--Cartan gravity. We perform the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-22 Omar Rodríguez-Tzompantzi

Exact procedures that follow Dirac's constraint quantization of gauge theories are usually technically involved and often difficult to implement in practice. We overview an "effective" scheme for obtaining the leading order semiclassical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Artur Tsobanjan

The Dirac's formalism for constrained systems is applied to the analysis of time-dependent Hamiltonians in the extended phase space. We show that the Lewis invariant is a reparametrization invariant and we calculate the Feynman propagator…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Angel Garcia-Chung , Daniel Gutiérrez Ruiz , J. David Vergara

We analyse two principal approaches to the quantization of physical models worked out to date. There are the Faddeev-Popov "heuristic" approach, based on fixing a gauge in the FP path integrals formalism, and the "fundamental" approach by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Leonid Lantsman

In this paper, we present a detailed review/analysis of the Dirac quantisation of Hamiltonian systems with constraints. To this end, we use, as a guide, the physical example provided by the dynamics of a solid ball rolling, without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 M. F. Araujo de Resende , Thales Machado F

Hamiltonian constraints feature in the canonical formulation of general relativity. Unlike typical constraints they cannot be associated with a reduction procedure leading to a non-trivial reduced phase space and this means the physical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-25 Karim P. Y. Thebault

A Lagrangian treatment of the quantization of first class Hamiltonian systems with constraints and Hamiltonian linear and quadratic in the momenta respectively is performed. The ``first reduce and then quantize'' and the ``first quantize…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Ordóñez y J. M Pons

In this paper, non-Hamiltonian systems with holonomic constraints are treated by a generalization of Dirac's formalism. Non-Hamiltonian phase space flows can be described by generalized antisymmetric brackets or by general Liouville…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Alessandro Sergi

The Dirac procedure for dealing with constraints is applied to the quantization of gauge theories on the light front. The light cone gauge is used in conjunction with the first class constraints that arise and the resulting Dirac brackets…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-25 D. G. C. McKeon , Chenguang Zhao

The semiclassical solution of quantum Dirac constraints in generic constrained system is obtained by directly calculating in the one-loop approximation the gauge field path integral with relativistic gauge fixing procedure. The gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 A. O. Barvinsky

In this work, we investigate gauge theories in two dimensions nonperturbatively using the Hamiltonian truncation approach. Working on a spatial interval and adopting the axial gauge, we remove all gauge field degrees of freedom and express…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-12 Rachel Houtz , James Ingoldby

The gauge symmetries of a general dynamical system can be systematically obtained following either a Hamiltonean or a Lagrangean approach. In the former case, these symmetries are generated, according to Dirac's conjecture, by the first…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Heinz J. Rothe , Klaus D. Rothe

We present a pseudoclassical mechanics model which exhibits gauge symmetry and time-reparametrization invariance. As such, first- and second-class constraints restrict the phase space, and the Hamiltonian weakly vanishes. We show that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-07 Mauricio Valenzuela

Dirac's conjecture, that secondary first-class constraints generate transformations that do not change the physical system's state, has various counterexamples. Since no matching gauge conditions can be imposed, the Dirac bracket cannot be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Mauricio Valenzuela

We present a general formalism for the Hamiltonian description of perturbation theory around any spatially homogeneous spacetime. We employ and refine the Dirac method for constrained systems, which is very well-suited to cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-23 Alice Boldrin

How can we relate the constraint structure and constraint dynamics of the general gauge theory in the Hamiltonian formulation with specific features of the theory in the Lagrangian formulation, especially relate the constraint structure…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 D. M. Gitman , I. V. Tyutin

A pure Dirac's framework for 3D Palatini's theory with cosmological constant is performed. By considering the complete phase space, we find out the full structure of the constraints, and their corresponding algebra is computed explicitly.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Alberto Escalante , Omar Rodríguez Tzompantzi

Dirac algorithm allows to construct Hamiltonian systems for singular systems, and so contributing to its successful quantization. A drawback of this method is that the resulting quantized theory does not have manifest Lorentz invariance.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-09-17 Hernán Cendra , Santiago Capriotti

We propose a systematic method of dealing with the canonical constrained structure of reducible systems in the Dirac and symplectic approaches which involves an enlargement of phase and configuration spaces, respectively. It is not…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 R. Banerjee , J. Barcelos-Neto