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At first glance the definition of mass and momentum appears to be uniquely defined. We show here, however, that this certainty can be misleading for many coarse grained systems. We show that particularly the fluctuating properties of common…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-07-14 M. Reza Parsa , Changho Kim , Alexander J. Wagner

The concept of mass is central to any theory of gravity. Nevertheless, defining mass in general relativity is a difficult task, and even when it can be accomplished, we still need to investigate whether the typical properties of mass in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-26 Níckolas de Aguiar Alves , Bruno Arderucio Costa

The notion of ``fundamental constant'' is heavily theory-laden. A natural, fairly precise formulation is possible in the context of the standard model (here defined to include gravity). Some fundamental constants have profound geometric…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-09-03 Frank Wilczek

Newton introduced the concept of mass in his {\it Principia} and gave an intuitive explanation for what it meant. Centuries have passed and physicists as well as philosophers still argue over its meaning. Three types of mass are generally…

General Physics · Physics 2012-01-19 J. L. Fry , Z. E. Musielak

The elements of micromaser physics are reviewed in a tutorial way. The emphasis is on the basic theoretical concepts, not on technical details or experimental subtleties. After a brief treatment of the atom-photon interaction according to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Berthold-Georg Englert

A covariant formula for conserved currents of energy, momentum and angular-momentum is derived from a general form of Noethers theorem applied directly to the Einstein-Hilbert action of classical general relativity. Energy conservation in a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Philip E. Gibbs

I provide a pedagogical introduction to the notion of pseudomomentum for waves in a medium, and show how changes in pseudomomentum may sometimes be used to compute real forces. I then explain how these ideas apply to sound waves in a fluid.…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Stone

In the present paper a new concept is introduced that: `mass is a complex quantity'. The concept of complex-mass suggests that the total mass M of a moving body is complex sum of: (i) the real-part (grain or rest) mass $m_{g}$ establishing…

General Physics · Physics 2012-02-28 R. C. Gupta , Anirudh Pradhan , Sushant Gupta

The current status of Mach's principle is discussed within the context of general relativity. The inertial properties of a particle are determined by its mass and spin, since these characterize the irreducible unitary representations of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-29 B. Mashhoon

We classify all functions which, when applied term by term, leave invariant the sequences of moments of positive measures on the real line. Rather unexpectedly, these functions are built of absolutely monotonic components, or reflections of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Alexander Belton , Dominique Guillot , Apoorva Khare , Mihai Putinar

In this paper recent results regarding generalized continuum mechanics on oriented Riemannian manifolds are reviewed and summarized. The mass, the momentum and the energy conservation laws are given. Thermodynamics arising in such media is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Anna Duyunova , Valentin Lychagin , Sergey Tychkov

As Harvey Brown emphasizes in his book Physical Relativity, inertial motion in general relativity is best understood as a theorem, and not a postulate. Here I discuss the status of the "conservation condition", which states that the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-08-17 James Owen Weatherall

In this paper we present the quantity, which is an entanglement parameter. Its origin is very intriguing, because its construction is motivated by separability criteria based on uncertainty relation. We show that this quantity is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Barbara Synak-Radtke , Lukasz Pankowski , Michal Horodecki , Ryszard Horodecki

The Standard Model (SM) ascribes the observed mass of elementary particles to an effective interaction between basis states defined without mass terms and a scalar potential associated with the Higgs boson. In the relativistic field theory…

General Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 M. Land

We present a hitherto unknown fundamental limitation to a basic measurement: that of the position of a quantum object when the total momentum of the object and apparatus is conserved. This result extends the famous Wigner-Araki-Yanase (WAY)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-22 Paul Busch , Leon Loveridge

It is well-known that an electric charge under a uniform magnetic field has a bidimensional motion if its initial position and velocity are perpendicular to this magnetic field. Although some constants of motion, as the energy and angular…

I give metrics and equations of motion in 5D general relativity, and use the conservation of momentum and conformal transformations to study the possible variability of particle masses and the cosmological 'constant'. It is feasible that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-11-22 Paul S. Wesson

It is well-known that considerations of symmetry lead to the definition of a host of conserved quantities (energy, linear momentum, center of mass, etc.) for an asymptotically flat initial data set, and a great deal of progress in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Levi Lopes de Lima

A problem of mass in macro- and microcosm has been considered from the single point of view on the basis of the law of conservation of energy. It is shown that in the conservative (absolutely closed) system all types of motion and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. V. Glushkov

Functions whose composition with every metric is a metric are said to be metric-preserving. In this article, we investigate a variation of the concept of metric-preserving functions where metrics are replaced by ultrametrics.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-12-17 Prapanpong Pongsriiam , Imchit Termwuttipong