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The quasi-static evolution of steady states far from equilibrium is investigated from the point of view of quantum statistical mechanics. As a concrete example of a thermodynamic system, a two-level quantum dot coupled to several reservoirs…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Walid K. Abou Salem

The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. These lecture notes provide an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Patrick P. Potts

The theory of quantum thermodynamics investigates how the concepts of heat, work, and temperature can be carried over to the quantum realm, where fluctuations and randomness are fundamentally unavoidable. Of particular practical relevance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-23 Patrick P. Potts

Calculations of nonequilibrium processes become increasingly feasable in quantum field theory from first principles. There has been important progress in our analytical understanding based on 2PI generating functionals. In addition, for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-04 J. Berges , Sz. Borsanyi

The foundations of statistical mechanics, namely how equilibrium hypothesis emerges microscopically from quantum theory, is explored through investigating the environment-induced quantum decoherence processes. Based on the recent results on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-04 Heng-Na Xiong , Ping-Yuan Lo , Wei-Min Zhang , Franco Nori , Da Hsuan Feng

We establish the foundations of a nonequilibrium theory of quantum thermodynamics for noninteracting open quantum systems strongly coupled to their reservoirs within the framework of the nonequilibrium Green functions (NEGF). The energy of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-18 Massimiliano Esposito , Maicol A. Ochoa , Michael Galperin

The use of statistical methods to model gravitational systems is crucial to physics practice, but the extent to which thermodynamics and statistical mechanics genuinely apply to these systems is a contentious issue. This paper provides new…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Lorenzo Lorenzetti

Quantum thermodynamics allows for the interconversion of quantum coherence and mechanical work. Quantum coherence is thus a potential physical resource for quantum machines. However, formulating a general nonequilibrium thermodynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Franklin L. S. Rodrigues , Eric Lutz

Quantum thermodynamics seeks to extend non-equilibrium stochastic thermodynamics to small quantum systems where non-classical features are essential to its description. Such a research area has recently provided meaningful theoretical and…

Classical thermodynamics is built with the concept of equilibrium states. However, it is less clear how equilibrium thermodynamics emerges through the dynamics that follows the principle of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we develop a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-18 Md. Manirul Ali , Wei-Ming Huang , Wei-Min Zhang

I give a quick overview of some of the theoretical background necessary for using modern non-equilibrium statistical physics to investigate the thermodynamics of computation. I first present some of the necessary concepts from information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-20 David H. Wolpert

Classical thermodynamics is unrivalled in its range of applications and relevance to everyday life. It enables a description of complex systems, made up of microscopic particles, in terms of a small number of macroscopic quantities, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-13 James Millen , André Xuereb

This paper is a non-technical, informal presentation of our theory of the second law of thermodynamics as a law that is independent of statistical mechanics and that is derivable solely from certain simple assumptions about adiabatic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Elliott H. Lieb , Jakob Yngvason

Besides the growing interest in old concepts like temperature and entropy at the nanoscale, theories of relaxation and transport have recently regained a lot of attention. With the electronic circuits and computer chips getting smaller and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mathias Michel , Jochen Gemmer , Günter Mahler

This article sets up a new formalism to investigate stochastic thermodynamics in the quantum regime, where stochasticity and irreversibility primarily come from quantum measurement. In the absence of any bath, we define a purely quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-16 Cyril Elouard , David Herrera-Martí , Maxime Clusel , Alexia Auffèves

We present the stochastic thermodynamics analysis of an open quantum system weakly coupled to multiple reservoirs and driven by a rapidly oscillating external field. The analysis is built on a modified stochastic master equation in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-12 Gregory Bulnes Cuetara , Andreas Engel , Massimiliano Esposito

The essential postulates of classical thermodynamics are formulated, from which the second law is deduced as the principle of increase of entropy in irreversible adiabatic processes that take one equilibrium state to another. The entropy…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 Elliott H. Lieb , Jakob Yngvason

We establish quantum thermodynamics for open quantum systems weakly coupled to their reservoirs when the system exhibits degeneracies. The first and second law of thermodynamics are derived, as well as a finite-time fluctuation theorem for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-03-08 Gregory Bulnes Cuetara , Massimiliano Esposito , Gernot Schaller

These notes are intended as an introduction to a study of applications of noncommutative calculus to quantum statistical Physics. Centered on noncommutative calculus we describe the physical concepts and mathematical structures appearing in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-09 W. A. Majewski

Stochastic Thermodynamics (ST) extends the notions of classical thermodynamics to trajectories taken from a nonequilibrium ensemble. This extension yields a simple approach to fluctuation relations in small systems. Multiple time- and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-10-19 Bernhard Altaner