Related papers: Knots, Braids and Hedgehogs from the Eikonal Equat…
The complex eikonal equation in $(3+1)$ dimensions is investigated. It is shown that this equation generates many multi soliton configurations with arbitrary value of the Hopf index. In general, these eikonal hopfions do not have the…
We demonstrate that a class of torus-shaped Hopf maps with arbitrary linking number obeys the static complex eikonal equation. Further, we explore the geometric structure behind these solutions, explaining thereby the reason for their…
We report on the geometry and mechanics of knotted stiff strings. We discuss both closed and open knots. Our two main results are: (i) Their equilibrium energy as well as the equilibrium tension for open knots depend on the type of knot as…
We present a direct connection between torus knots and Hopfions by finding stable and static solutions of the extended Faddeev-Skyrme model with a ferromagnetic potential term. (P,Q)--torus knots consisting of |Q| sine-Gordon kink strings…
A new class of non-linear O(3) models is introduced. It is shown that these systems lead to integrable submodels if an additional integrability condition (so called the generalized eikonal equation) is imposed. In the case of particular…
Using numerical simulations of the full nonlinear equations of motion we investigate topological solitons of a modified O(3) sigma model in three space dimensions, in which the solitons are stabilized by the Hopf charge. We find that for…
We find further evidence for the conjecture relating large N Chern-Simons theory on S^3 with topological string on the resolved conifold geometry by showing that the Wilson loop observable of a simple knot on S^3 (for any representation)…
It has been suggested recently that knots might exist as stable soliton solutions in a simple three-dimensional classical field theory, opening up a wide range of possible applications in physics and beyond. We have re-examined and extended…
Analytical expressions are provided for the configurations of an inextensible, flexible, twistable inertial string rotating rigidly about a fixed axis. Solutions with trivial radial dependence are helices of arbitrary radius and pitch.…
We present two models for the space of knots which have endpoints at fixed boundary points in a manifold with boundary, one model defined as an inverse limit of spaces of maps between configuration spaces and another which is cosimplicial.…
We study a new formulation for the eikonal equation |grad u| =1 on a bounded subset of R^2. Considering a field P of orthogonal projections onto 1-dimensional subspaces, with divergence bounded in L^2, we prove existence and uniqueness for…
The Skyrme-Faddeev model is a modified sigma model in three-dimensional space, which has string-like topological solitons classified by the integer-valued Hopf charge. Numerical simulations are performed to compute soliton solutions for…
We consider thorny spheres, that is 2-dimensional compact surfaces which are everywhere locally isometric to a round sphere $S^2$ except for a finite number of isolated points where they have conical singularities. We use thorny spheres to…
The spectrum of a non-Hermitian system generically forms a two-dimensional complex Riemannian manifold with distinct topology from the underlying parameter space. Spectral topology permits parametric loops to map the affiliated eigenvalue…
Using methods of high performance computing, we have found indications that knotlike structures appear as stable finite energy solitons in a realistic 3+1 dimensional model. We have explicitly simulated the unknot and trefoil…
The contents of this 6-page paper have been subsumed into the 13-page paper, "A note on closed 3-braids", arXiv:0802.1072 [math.GT]. This paper is correct, but contains less information than the new one. The topological classification of…
A knot theory for two-dimensional square lattice is proposed, which sheds light on design of new two-dimensional material with high topological numbers. We consider a two-band model, focusing on the Hall conductance {\sigma}xy = e^2/hbar*P,…
Given a knot in $S^3$, one can associate to it a surface diffeomorphism in two different ways. First, an arbitrary knot in $S^{3}$ can be represented by braids, which can be thought of as diffeomorphisms of punctured disks. Second, if the…
The Skyrme-Faddeev model is a three-dimensional non-linear field theory that has topological soliton solutions, called hopfions, which are novel string-like solutions taking the form of knots and links. Solutions found thus far take the…
Similar pictures appear in various branches of mathematics. Sometimes this similarity gives rise to deep theorems. Mentioning such a similarity between hexagonal tilings, cubes in 3-space, configurations of lines and braid groups, we prove…