Related papers: Tricyclic graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues

A graph is called integral if all the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix are integers. In this paper, we show a cograph that has a balanced cotree $T_{G}(a_{1},\ldots,a_{r-1},0|0,\ldots,0,a_{r})$ is integral computing its spectrum. As an…

To any finite group $G$, we may associate a graph whose vertices are the elements of $G$ and where two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if the order of the subgroup $\langle x, y\rangle$ is divisible by at least 3…

A gain graph is a triple (G,h,H), where G is a connected graph with an arbitrary, but fixed, orientation of edges, H is a group, and h is a homomorphism from the free group on the edges of G to H. A gain graph is called balanced if the…

We obtain a lower bound on each entry of the principal eigenvector of a non-regular connected graph.

The distinguishing number $D(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of colors that is needed to color $G$ such that the only color preserving automorphism is the identity. We give a complete classification for all connected graphs $G$ of…

A hypergraph is a $T_0$-hypergraph if for every two different vertices of the hypergraph there exists an edge containing one of the vertices and not containing the other. A general method for the enumeration of certain classes of…

The Laplacian matrix of a graph $G$ is denoted by $L(G)=D(G)-A(G)$, where $D(G)=diag(d(v_{1}),\ldots , d(v_{n}))$ is a diagonal matrix and $A(G)$ is the adjacency matrix of $G$. Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be two graphs. A one-edge connection of…

For a finite group $G$, the vertices of the prime graph $\Gamma(G)$ are the primes that divide $|G|$, and two vertices $p$ and $q$ are connected by an edge if and only if there is an element of order $pq$ in $G$. Prime graphs of solvable…

For a graph $G$ with vertex set $V$, let N($G$) denote the number of nonempty subsets of $V$ that induce a connected graph in $G$. In this paper, we focus on determining N($G$) for $G$ in the family $\mathbb{B}_n$ of $n$-vertex bicyclic…

Let $G$ be a simple graph with $n$ vertices and $e(G)$ edges, and $q_1(G)\geq q_2(G)\geq\cdots\geq q_n(G)\geq0$ be the signless Laplacian eigenvalues of $G.$ Let $S_k^+(G)=\sum_{i=1}^{k}q_i(G),$ where $k=1, 2, \ldots, n.$ F. Ashraf et al.…

The energy of a graph $G$ is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $G$. Let $s^+(G), s^-(G)$ denote the sum of the squares of the positive and negative eigenvalues of $G$, respectively. It was…

For each positive integer $n$, the Fibonacci-sum graph $G_n$ on vertices $1,2,\ldots,n$ is defined by two vertices forming an edge if and only if they sum to a Fibonacci number. It is known that each $G_n$ is bipartite, and all Hamiltonian…

Consider a semigraph $G=(V,\,E)$; in this paper, we study the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of $G$. We show that the Laplacian of $G$ is positive semi-definite, and $G$ is connected if and only if $\lambda_2 >0.$ Along the similar…

A trivalent diagram is a connected, two-colored bipartite graph (parallel edges allowed but not loops) such that every black vertex is of degree 1 or 3 and every white vertex is of degree 1 or 2, with a cyclic order imposed on every set of…

A $k$-graph $\mathcal{G}$ is asymmetric if there does not exist an automorphism on $\mathcal{G}$ other than the identity, and $\mathcal{G}$ is called minimal asymmetric if it is asymmetric but every non-trivial induced sub-hypergraph of…

A mixed graph is said to be \textit{integral} if all the eigenvalues of its Hermitian adjacency matrix are integer. The \textit{mixed circulant graph} $Circ(\mathbb{Z}_n,\mathcal{C})$ is a mixed graph on the vertex set $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and…

Spectral radius of a graph $G$ is the largest eigenvalue of adjacency matrix of $G$. The least eigenvalue of a graph $G$ is the least eigenvalue of adjacency matrix of $G$. In this paper we determine the graphs which attain respectively the…

A non-zero component graph $G(\mathbb{V})$ associated to a finite vector space $\mathbb{V}$ is a graph whose vertices are non-zero vectors of $\mathbb{V}$ and two vertices are adjacent, if their corresponding vectors have at least one…

The parameter $q(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues over the family of symmetric matrices described by $G$. It is shown that the minimum number of edges necessary for a connected graph $G$ to have $q(G)=2$ is…

For a connected graph $G$, let $A(G)$ be the adjacency matrix of $G$ and $D(G)$ be the diagonal matrix of the degrees of the vertices in $G$. The $A_{\alpha}$-matrix of $G$ is defined as \begin{align*} A_\alpha (G) = \alpha D(G) +…