Related papers: Matrix Integrals and the Generation and Counting o…
We consider ensembles of real symmetric band matrices with entries drawn from an infinite sequence of exchangeable random variables, as far as the symmetry of the matrices permits. In general the entries of the upper triangular parts of…
Twisted links are a generalization of virtual links. As virtual links correspond to abstract links on orientable surfaces, twisted links correspond to abstract links on (possibly non-orientable) surfaces. In this paper, we introduce the…
We define a category $v\mathcal{T}$ of tangles diagrams drawn on surfaces with boundaries. On the one hand we show that there is a natural functor from the category of virtual tangles to $v\mathcal{T}$ which induces an equivalence of…
A weak chord index $Ind'$ is constructed for self crossing points of virtual links. Then a new writhe polynomial $W$ of virtual links is defined by using $Ind'$. $W$ is a generalization of writhe polynomial defined in [6]. Based on $W$,…
We extend the flyping theorem to alternating links in thickened surfaces and alternating virtual links. The proof of the former result uses work of Boden--Karimi to adapt the author's geometric proof of Tait's 1898 flyping conjecture (first…
In this paper we define and give examples of a family of polynomial invariants of virtual knots and links. They arise by considering certain 2$\times$2 matrices with entries in a possibly non-commutative ring, for example the quaternions.…
Several authors have recently studied virtual knots and links because they admit invariants arising from R-matrices. We prove that every virtual link is uniquely represented by a link L in S X I, a thickened, compact, oriented surface S,…
This paper defines a new invariant of virtual knots and links that we call the extended bracket polynomial, and denote by <<K>> for a virtual knot or link K. This invariant is a state summation over bracket states of the oriented diagram…
In this paper we show how generalized quaternions, including 2X2 matrices, can be used to find solutions of a non-commuting equation intimately connected with braid groups. These solutions can then be used to find polynomial invariants of…
Twin groups and virtual twin groups are planar analogues of braid groups and virtual braid groups, respectively. These groups play the role of braid groups in the Alexander-Markov correspondence for the theory of stable isotopy classes of…
The affine index polynomial and the $n$-writhe are invariants of virtual knots which are introduced by Kauffman and by Satoh and Taniguchi independently. They are defined by using indices assigned to each classical crossing, which we call…
We investigate connections between biquandle colorings, quiver enhancements, and several notions of the bridge numbers $b_i(K)$ for virtual links, where $i=1,2$. We show that for any positive integers $m \leq n$, there exists a virtual link…
For any virtual link, a class of new links can be defined called stacks, in which copies of the virtual link are placed on top of one another. The resulting virtual link depends only on the virtual isotopy class of the original link, and…
Multicrossings, which have previously been defined for classical knots and links, are extended to virtual knots and links. In particular, petal diagrams are shown to exist for all virtual knots.
A Gauss diagram is a simple, combinatorial way to present a knot. It is known that any Vassiliev invariant may be obtained from a Gauss diagram formula that involves counting (with signs and multiplicities) subdiagrams of certain…
Virtual knots arise in the study of Gauss diagrams and Vassiliev invariants of usual knots. Virtual braids correspond naturally to virtual knots. We consider the group of virtual braids on n strings VB_n and its Burau representation, in…
Traditional clustering identifies groups of objects that share certain qualities. Tangles do the converse: they identify groups of qualities that often occur together. They can thereby discover, relate, and structure types: of behaviour,…
In this paper, we are concerned with mean hitting time $\langle\mathcal{H}\rangle$ for random walks on recursive growth tree networks that are built based on an arbitrary tree as the seed via implementing various primitive graphic…
The Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant of classical link diagrams is generalized to virtual link diagrams. This invariant is unchanged by the framed Reidemeister moves and the Kirby calculus. As a result, it is also an invariant of the…
It is known that the vertex connectivity of a planar graph can be computed in linear time. We extend this result to the class of locally maximal 1-plane graphs: graphs that have an embedding with at most one crossing per edge such that the…