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Flexible Time is a new formalism for calculations about one-dimensional cellular automata. It unifies the states of a finite number of cells into a single object, even if they occur at different times. This gives greater flexibility to…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2014-03-04 Markus Redeker

A cornerstone of the classical view of tolerance is the elimination of self-reactive T cells during negative selection in the thymus. However, high-throughput T-cell receptor sequencing data has so far failed to detect substantial…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-14 Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M. Walczak

We propose a simple cellular automaton model of a self-healing system and investigate its properties. In the model, the substrate is a two-dimensional checkerboard configuration which can be damaged by changing values of a finite number of…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2024-10-18 Henryk Fukś , José Manuel Gómez Soto

There is a striking relationship between a three hundred years old Political Science theorem named "Condorcet's jury theorem" (1785), which states that majorities are more likely to choose correctly when individual votes are often correct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Hanan Shteingart , Eran Marom , Igor Itkin , Gil Shabat , Michael Kolomenkin , Moshe Salhov , Liran Katzir

For deterministic monotone cellular automata on the $d$-dimensional integer lattice, Toom has given necessary and sufficient conditions for the all-one fixed point to be stable against small random perturbations. The proof of sufficiency is…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Jan M. Swart , Réka Szabó , Cristina Toninelli

In this article we investigate the computational complexity of predicting two dimensional freezing majority cellular automata with states $\{-1,+1\}$, where the local interactions are based on an L-shaped neighborhood structure. In these…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Pablo Concha-Vega , Eric Goles , Pedro Montealegre , Kévin Perrot

In collective decision making, where a voting rule is used to take a collective decision among a group of agents, manipulation by one or more agents is usually considered negative behavior to be avoided, or at least to be made…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-05 Umberto Grandi , Andrea Loreggia , Francesca Rossi , Kristen Brent Venable , Toby Walsh

We study consensus formation in interacting systems that evolve by multi-state majority rule and by plurality rule. In an update event, a group of G agents (with G odd), each endowed with an s-state spin variable, is specified. For majority…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Chen , S. Redner

Consensus protocols play an important role in the study of distributed algorithms. In this paper, we study the effect of bias on two popular consensus protocols, namely, the {\em voter rule} and the {\em 2-choices rule} with binary…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-17 Oindrila Deb , Arpan Mukhopadhyay

We consider a variant of the randomly reinforced urn where more balls can be simultaneously drawn out and balls of different colors can be simultaneously added. More precisely, at each time-step, the conditional distribution of the number…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-09 Irene Crimaldi

Voting is a very general method of preference aggregation. A voting rule takes as input every voter's vote (typically, a ranking of the alternatives), and produces as output either just the winning alternative or a ranking of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-09 Vincent Conitzer , Tuomas Sandholm

In this work the properties of minority games containing agents which try to winning all the time are studied by means of computational simulations. We have considered several ways of introducing above the rules clever players using…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 J. R. L. de Almeida , J. Menche

We study the behavior of Range Voting and Normalized Range Voting with respect to electoral control. Electoral control encompasses attempts from an election chair to alter the structure of an election in order to change the outcome. We show…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-27 Curtis Menton

We introduce the heterogeneous voter model (HVM), in which each agent has its own intrinsic rate to change state, reflective of the heterogeneity of real people, and the partisan voter model (PVM), in which each agent has an innate and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-08-04 Naoki Masuda , N. Gibert , S. Redner

Robust topology optimization (RTO), as a class of topology optimization problems, identifies a design with the best average performance while reducing the response sensitivity to input uncertainties, e.g. load uncertainty. Solving RTO is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Rini Jasmine Gladstone , Mohammad Amin Nabian , Vahid Keshavarzzadeh , Hadi Meidani

We present a class of systems for which the signal-to-noise ratio always increases when increasing the noise and diverges at infinite noise level. This new phenomenon is a direct consequence of the existence of a scaling law for the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-15 J. M. G. Vilar , J. M. Rubí

Adaptive voter models (AVMs) are simple mechanistic systems that model the emergence of mesoscopic structure from local networked processes driven by conflict and homophily. AVMs display rich behavior, including a phase transition from a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-16 Philip S. Chodrow , Peter J. Mucha

Observed events in recommendation are consequence of the decisions made by a policy, thus they are usually selectively labeled, namely the data are Missing Not At Random (MNAR), which often causes large bias to the estimate of true outcomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Zifeng Wang , Xi Chen , Rui Wen , Shao-Lun Huang

Self-augmentation has received increasing research interest recently to improve named entity recognition (NER) performance in low-resource scenarios. Token substitution and mixup are two feasible heterogeneous self-augmentation techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Linzhi Wu , Pengjun Xie , Jie Zhou , Meishan Zhang , Chunping Ma , Guangwei Xu , Min Zhang

In this paper, I introduce a novel stability axiom for stochastic voting rules, called self-equivalence, by which a society considering whether to replace its voting rule using itself will choose not to do so. I then show that under the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-14 Héctor Hermida-Rivera