English
Related papers

Related papers: Energy and time as conjugate dynamical variables

200 papers

We study covariant models for vacuum spherical gravity within a canonical setting. Starting from a general ansatz, we derive the most general family of Hamiltonian constraints that are quadratic in first-order and linear in second-order…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-04 Asier Alonso-Bardaji , David Brizuela

An extension of the finite and infinite Lie groups properties of complex numbers and functions of complex variable is proposed. This extension is performed exploiting hypercomplex number systems that follow the elementary algebra rules. In…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Francesco Catoni , Paolo Zampetti

The Lorentz transformations are represented on the ball of relativistically admissible velocities by Einstein velocity addition and rotations. This representation is by projective maps. The relativistic dynamic equation can be derived by…

Classical Physics · Physics 2010-08-23 Yaakov Friedman

A mathematically consistent procedure for coupling quasiclassical and quantum variables through coupled Hamilton-Heisenberg equations of motion is derived from a variational principle. During evolution, the quasiclassical variables become…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Arlen Anderson

It is shown that the transformations of the charge conjugation in classical electrodynamics and in quantum theory can be interpreted as the consequences of the symmetry of Maxwell and Dirac equations with respect to the inversion of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-15 G. A. Kotel'nikov

We examine in greater detail the proposal that time is the conjugate of the constants of nature. Fundamentally distinct times are associated with different constants, a situation often found in "relational time" settings. We show in detail…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-14 Joao Magueijo

We show that there exists a choice of gauge in which the electromagnetic 4-potential may be written as the difference of two 4-velocity vector fields describing the motion of a two-component space-filling relativistic fluid. Maxwell's…

Classical Physics · Physics 2010-12-13 Sabbir Rahman

To consider a medium carrying light and electromagnetic waves is impossible, when this medium shall have properties according to the principle of constant speed of light, that is, isotropy of speed of light in every system of reference.…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Herbert Weiss

The Hamiltonian for dynamic geometry generates the evolution of a spatial region along a vector field. It includes a boundary term which determines both the value of the Hamiltonian and the boundary conditions. The value gives the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-24 James M. Nester , Chiang-Mei Chen , Jian-Liang Liu , Gang Sun

The Hamiltonian constraint system is the canonical formulation of a physical system with a Hamiltonian constrained to vanish. In terms of the canonical variables, we define what we call reference observable, with respect to which other…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-30 Junichi Iwasaki

Quantum mechanical time operator is introduced following the parametric formulation of classical mechanics in the extended phase space. Quantum constraint on the extended quantum system is defined in analogy to the constraint of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-15 Nikola Buri\' c , Slobodan Prvanovi\' c

The Hamilton-Jacobi method of constrained systems is discussed. The equations of motion of a singular system with time dependent constraints are obtained as total differential equations in many variables. The integrability conditions for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Sami I. Muslih

This article is concerned with analytic Hamiltonian dynamical systems in infinite dimension in a neighborhood of an elliptic fixed point. Given a quadratic Hamiltonian, we consider the set of its analytic higher order perturbations. We…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-06-01 Michela Procesi , Laurent Stolovitch

The Cartesian material space approach to Maxwell's equations reveals the analytical solution of the continuous radial density for the extended elementary charge. Radial charges and their Coulomb fields carry equal passive and active…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-12 I. E. Bulyzhenkov

In the first days of quantum mechanics Dirac pointed out an analogy between the time-dependent coefficients of an expansion of the Schr\"odinger equation and the classical position and momentum variables solving Hamilton's equations. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-18 J. S. Briggs , A. Eisfeld

Beginning with the principle that a closed mechanical composite system is timeless, time can be defined by the regular changes in a suitable position coordinate (clock) in the observing part, when one part of the closed composite observes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-05 John S. Briggs

We propose a modification of special relativity in which a physical energy, which may be the Planck energy, joins the speed of light as an invariant, in spite of a complete relativity of inertial frames and agreement with Einstein's theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-14 Joao Magueijo , Lee Smolin

A systematic Hamiltonian formulation of the Einstein-Cartan system, based on the Hilbert-Palatini action with the Barbero-Immirzi and cosmological constants, is performed using the traditional ADM decomposition and without fixing the time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-12 Erick I. Duque

It is shown that a canonical time observable may be defined for any quantum system having a discrete set of energy eigenvalues, thus significantly generalising the known case of time observables for periodic quantum systems (such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-23 Michael J. W. Hall

A new form of the dynamical equations of vacuum general relativity is proposed. This form involves the canonical Hamiltonian structure but non canonical variables. The new field variables are the electric field $E^{a}{}_{i}$ and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-07 R Rosas-Rodriguez