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We extend a newly developed formal system for the description of astrophysical maps. In this formalism, we consider the difference between maps to be the distance between elements of a pseudometric space (the space of all such maps). This…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Fred C. Adams , Jennifer J. Wiseman

We derive a simple and precise approximation to probability density functions in sampling distributions based on the Fourier cosine series. After clarifying the required conditions, we illustrate the approximation on two examples: the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Shigekazu Nakagawa , Hiroki Hashiguchi , Yoko Ono

Probabilistic Spacetime is a simple generalization of the classical model of spacetime in General Relativity, such that it allows to consider multiple metric field realizations endowed with probabilities. The motivation for such a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-27 Jakub Káninský

Given a probability measure with density, Fermat distances and density-driven metrics are conformal transformations of the Euclidean metric that shrink distances in high density areas and enlarge distances in low density areas. Although…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Jérôme Taupin , Frédéric Chazal

Algebras of generalized functions offer possibilities beyond the purely distributional approach in modelling singular quantities in non-smooth differential geometry. This article presents an introductory survey of recent developments in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Kunzinger

In this paper we consider the space of those probability distributions which maximize the $q$-R\'enyi entropy. These distributions have the same parameter space for every $q$, and in the $q=1$ case these are the normal distributions. Some…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-24 Attila Andai

A family of potential-density pairs that represent spherical shells with finite thickness is obtained from the superposition of spheres with finite radii. Other families of shells with infinite thickness with a central hole are obtained by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-01 D. Vogt , P. S. Letelier

We formulate and investigate a statistical inverse problem of a random tomographic nature, where a probability density function on $\mathbb{R}^3$ is to be recovered from observation of finitely many of its two-dimensional projections in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-03 Victor M. Panaretos

Context: Two-point correlation functions are used throughout cosmology as a measure for the statistics of random fields. When used in Bayesian parameter estimation, their likelihood function is usually replaced by a Gaussian approximation.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-07 David Keitel , Peter Schneider

Metrics have been used to investigate the relationship between wavefunction distances and density distances for families of specific systems. We extend this research to look at random potentials for time-dependent single electron systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-12 A. H. Skelt , R. W. Godby , I. D'Amico

The rules of a game of dice are extended to a "hyper-die" with $n\in\mathbb{N}$ equally probable faces, numbered from 1 to $n$. We derive recursive and explicit expressions for the probability mass function and the cumulative distribution…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Rudolf Frühwirth , Roman Malina , Winfried Mitaroff

We give estimates of the distance between the densities of the laws of two functionals $F$ and $G$ on the Wiener space in terms of the Malliavin-Sobolev norm of $F-G.$ We actually consider a more general framework which allows one to treat…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-07 Vlad Bally , Lucia Caramellino

We begin our journey by recalling the fundamentals of Probability Theory that underlie one of its most significant applications to real-world problems: Parametric Estimation. Throughout the text, we systematically develop this theme by…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Levi Lopes de Lima

In non-linear scales, the matter density distribution is not Gaussian. Consequently, the widely used two-point correlation function is not adequate anymore to capture the matter density field's entire behaviour. Among all statistics beyond…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 Mohammad Ansari Fard , Zahra Baghkhani , Laya Ghodsi , Sina Taamoli , Farbod Hassani , Shant Baghram

Statistical inference in high dimensional settings has recently attracted enormous attention within the literature. However, most published work focuses on the parametric linear regression problem. This paper considers an important…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-14 Qi Gao , Randy C. S. Lai , Thomas C. M. Lee , Yao Li

Geometric properties of $N$ random points distributed independently and uniformly on the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^{d}\subset\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$ with respect to surface area measure are obtained and several related conjectures are posed. In…

We establish a density variant of the Frankl-R\"{o}dl theorem on the sphere $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$, which concerns avoiding pairs of vectors with a specific distance, or equivalently, a prescribed inner product. In particular, we establish…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Venkatesan Guruswami , Shilun Li

An equilibrium theory of classical fluids based on the space distribution among the particles is derived in the framework of the energy minimization method. This study is motivated by current difficulties of evaluation of optical properties…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. D. Rohrmann

The tomographic probability distribution on the phase space (cylinder) related to a circle or an interval is introduced. The explicit relations of the tomographic probability densities and the probability densities on the phase space for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-01-31 M. Asorey , P. Facchi , V. I. Man'ko , G. Marmo , S. Pascazio , E. G. C. Sudarshan

The one-point probability distribution function (pdf) of the large-scale density field is an important tool to follow the evolution of cosmological structures. In this paper we present a new model for this pdf for all regimes and all…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Patrick Valageas , Dipak Munshi