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The Standard Model of particle physics describes electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, which are three of the four known fundamental forces of nature. The unification of the fourth interaction, gravity, with the Standard Model has…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-07 Mikko Partanen , Jukka Tulkki

We explore the new physics phenomena of gravidynamics governed by the inhomogeneous spin gauge symmetry based on the gravitational quantum field theory. Such a gravidynamics enables us to derive the generalized Einstein equation and an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-27 Yuan-Kun Gao , Da Huang , Yong-Liang Ma , Yong Tang , Yue-Liang Wu , Yu-Feng Zhou

In special-relativistic physics, spacetime is imbued with a fixed, non-dynamical metric tensor. A path to gravitational theory is to promote this tensor to a genuine dynamical field. An alternative description of special-relativistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-09 Tomi S Koivisto , Tom Zlosnik

We study general relativity in the framework of non-commutative differential geometry. In particular, we introduce a gravity action for a space-time which is the product of a four dimensional manifold by a two-point space. In the simplest…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. H. Chamseddine , G. Felder , J. Fröhlich

We propose a reformulation of gravitation in which the gravitational interaction is treated as a genuine force rather than an inertial effect arising from spacetime geometry. Within this framework, the difference between the affine…

General Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 L. Horoto , F. G. Scholtz

A generalization of General Relativity is studied. The standard Einstein-Hilbert action is considered in the Palatini formalism, where the connection and the metric are independent variables, and the connection is not symmetric. As a result…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-21 N. V. Kharuk , S. A. Paston , A. A. Sheykin

In this work a study of the gravity is made using Einstein's equation in the post-Newtonian approach. This is a method to linearise the General Relativity indicated to treat non-relativistic objects. It enables us to construct, from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-29 I. C. Jardim , R. R. Landim

In Einstein's general relativity, gravity is mediated by a massless metric field. The extension of general relativity to consistently include a mass for the graviton has profound implications for gravitation and cosmology. Salient features…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-24 Lijing Shao , Norbert Wex , Shuang-Yong Zhou

We present a formulation of gravity in terms of a theory based on complex SU(2) gauge fields with a general coordinate invariant action functional quadratic in the field strength. Self-duality or anti-self-duality of the field strength…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Romesh K. Kaul

General Relativity is usually formulated as a theory with gauge invariance under the diffeomorphism group, but there is a 'dilaton' formulation where it is in addition invariant under Weyl transformations, and a 'unimodular' formulation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-11 Steffen Gielen , Rodrigo de Leon Ardon , Roberto Percacci

A Poincar\'{e} gauge theory of (2+1)-dimensional gravity is developed. Fundamental gravitational field variables are dreibein fields and Lorentz gauge potentials, and the theory is underlain with the Riemann-Cartan space-time. The most…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Toshiharu Kawai

Gravity is commonly thought of as one of the four force fields in nature. However, in standard formulations its mathematical structure is rather different from the Yang-Mills fields of particle physics that govern the electromagnetic, weak,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 H. F. Westman , T. G. Zlosnik

The graviton is pictured as a bound state of a fermion and anti-fermion with the spacetime metric assumed to be a composite object of spinor fields, based on a globally Lorentz invariant action proposed by Hebecker and Wetterich. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. W. Moffat

The gravity is classically formulated as the geometric curvature of the space-time in general relativity which is completely different from the other well-known physical forces. Since seeking a quantum framework for the gravity is a great…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-29 Cao H. Nam

Euler's interpretation of Newton's gravity (NG) as Archimedes' thrust in a fluid ether is presented in some detail. Then a semi-heuristic mechanism for gravity, close to Euler's, is recalled and compared with the latter. None of these two…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mayeul Arminjon

In these lectures I review the status of gravity from the point of view of the gauge principle and renormalization, the main tools in the toolbox of theoretical particle physics. In the first lecture I start from the old question "in what…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-20 R. Percacci

A simple general relativity theory for objects moving in gravitational fields is developed based on studying the behavior of an atom in a gravitational field. The theory is applied to calculate the satellite time dilation, light deflection…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yehea I. Ismail

In the general relativistic description of gravitation, geometry replaces the concept of force. This is possible because of the universal character of free fall, and would break down in its absence. On the other hand, the teleparallel…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 R. Aldrovandi , J. G. Pereira , K. H. Vu

Einstein's theory of general relativity describes gravity as the interaction of particles with space-time geometry, as opposed to interacting with a physical fluid, as in the old gravitational aether theories. Moreover, any theoretical…

Popular Physics · Physics 2010-04-19 Niayesh Afshordi

Einstein Gravity in 2+1 dimensions arises as a consequence of the equations of motion of a gauge model in an external metric. Newton's constant appears as an order parameter of a spontaneously broken discrete symmetry. Matter is coupled in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Brooks , D. Cangemi , M. Crescimanno