Related papers: Gauge Invariances in Second Class Constrained Syst…

Finite Difference methods (FD) are one of the oldest and simplest methods for solving partial differential equations (PDE). Block Finite Difference methods (BFD) are FD methods in which the domain is divided into blocks, or cells,…

Accounting for all the relativistic effects, we have developed the fully nonlinear gauge-invariant formalism for describing the cosmological observables and presented the second-order perturbative expressions associated with light…

We consider the space-time variation of gauge couplings in brane-world models induced by the coupling to a bulk scalar field. A variation is generated by the running of the gauge couplings with energy and a conformal anomaly while going…

We start by reviewing the concept of gauge invariance in quantum mechanics, for Abelian and Non-Ableian cases. Then we idescribe how the various gauge potential and field can be associated with the geometrical phase acquired by a quantum…

These lectures present an elementary introduction to quantum gauge fields. The first aim is to show how, in the tree approximation, gauge invariance follows from covariance and unitarity. This leads to the standard construction of the…

We give an example of how conventional gauging methods obstruct a systematic analysis of gauged supergravities. We discuss how the embedding tensor formalism deals with these problems and argue that the gauge algebra related to the…

We show that a rigorous path integral method of introducing gauge fields in the UnParticle lagrangian leads to somewhat different and more complicated vertexes than those currently used.

We quantize the self-dual massive theory by using the Batalin-Tyutin Hamiltonian method, which systematically embeds second class constraint system into first class one in the extended phase space by introducing the new fields. Through this…

Conductor moving in magnetic field is quite common in electrical equipment. The numerical simulation of such problem is vital in their design and analysis of electrical equipment. The Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) is a commonly…

The relationship between the Dirac and reduced phase space quantizations is investigated for spin models belonging to the class of Hamiltonian systems having no gauge conditions. It is traced out that the two quantization methods may give…

In the present work we propose a method to determine fluctuation induced forces in non equilibrium systems. These forces are the analogue of the well known Casimir forces, which were originally introduced in Quantum Field theory and later…

We propose a new procedure to embed second class systems by introducing Wess-Zumino (WZ) fields in order to unveil hidden symmetries existent in the models. This formalism is based on the direct imposition that the new Hamiltonian must be…

Dirac formalism of Hamiltonian constraint systems is studied for the noncommutative Abelian Proca field. It is shown that the system of constraints are of second class in agreement with the fact that the Proca field is not guage invariant.…

A gauge theory of second order in the derivatives of the auxiliary field is constructed following Utiyama's program. A novel field strength $G=\partial F+fAF$ arises besides the one of the first order treatment, $F=\partial A-\partial…

Three techniques for performing gauge-invariant, noncompact lattice simulations of nonabelian gauge theories are discussed. In the first method, the action is not itself gauge invariant, but a kind of lattice gauge invariance is restored by…

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…

The 2-dimensional inverse problem for first-order systems is analysed and a method to construct an affine Lagrangian for such systems is developed. The determination of such Lagrangians is based on the theory of the Jacobi multiplier for…

An irreducible canonical approach to second-class constraints reducible of an arbitrary order is given. This method generalizes our previous results from [Europhys. Lett. 50 (2000) 169, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 (2007) 14537] for first-…

Using the general notions of Batalin, Fradkin, Fradkina and Tyutin to convert second class systems into first class ones, we present a gauge invariant formulation of the massive Yang-Mills theory by embedding it in an extended phase space.…

A new generalization of the vector Schwinger model is considered where gauge symmetry is broken at the quantum mechanical level. By proper extension of the phase space this broken symmetry has been restored. Also an equivalent first class…