Related papers: Family Unification from Universality
As a tribute to Abdus Salam, I recall the initiation in 1972-73 of the idea of grand unification based on the view that lepton number is the fourth color. Motivated by aesthetic demands, these attempts led to the suggestion that the…
We present an $E_6$ Grand Unified model with a realistic pattern of fermion masses. All standard model fermions are unified in three fundamental 27-plets (i.e. supersymmetry is not invoked), which involve in addition right handed neutrinos…
The old issue of why there are more than one family of quarks and leptons is reinvestigated with an eye towards the use of anomaly as a tool for constraining the number of families. It is found that, by assuming the existence of…
The generation structure in the quark and lepton spectrum is explained as originating from the excitation spectrum S_n of SU(2)_W doublet scalar fields, whose ground state S_1 is the Standard Model Higgs field. There is only one basic…
I will present a simple, economic and predictive model of Yukawa structures in the context of a renormalizable SO(10) grandunification. The righthanded neutrino mass is generated radiatively. The fermions have Yukawa couplings with one 10…
Models with fermions in bifundamental representations can lead naturally to family unification as opposed to family replication. Such models typically predict (exotic) color singlet states with fractional electric charge, and magnetic…
The left-right symmetric Pati-Salam model of the unification of quarks and leptons is based on SU(4) and SU(2)xSU(2) groups. These groups are naturally extended to include the classification of families of quarks and leptons. We assume that…
We suggest a simple grand unified theory where the fifth dimensional coordinate is compactified on an $S_1/(Z_2 \times Z_2')$ orbifold. This model is based on the supersymmetric flipped $SU(5) \times U(1)$ grand unified theory, which can…
We review and compare theoretically and phenomenologically a number of possible family symmetries, which when combined with unification, could be important in explaining quark, lepton and neutrino masses and mixings, providing new results…
M-theory compactified on a $G_2$ manifold with resolved $E_8$ singularities realizes 4d $\mathcal{N} = 1$ supersymmetric gauge theories coupled to gravity with three families of Standard Model fermions. Beginning with one $E_8$ singularity,…
We briefly review the issues of proton decay and fermion masses and mixings in minimal supersymmetric grand unified theories. We argue that minimal SU(5), although tightly constrained by proton decay data, is still not ruled out. However,…
What symmetry breaking would be required for gauginos from a supersymmetric theory to behave like left-handed quarks of the Standard Model? Starting with a supersymmetric SU(3)xSU(3)xU(1)xU(1) gauge theory, the 18 adjoint-representation…
A model for electroweak unification of quarks and leptons, in a gauge group $SU_{C}(3)\times SU(4)\times U_{X}(1)$ is constructed. The model requires, three generations of quarks and leptons which are replicas (mirror) of the standard…
We consider a supersymmetric SO(10) model with a SU(3) symmetry of flavour in which fermion masses emerge via the see-saw mixing with superheavy fermions in 16+16bar representations. In this model the dangerous D=5 operators of proton decay…
This paper is concerned with a way of thinking about the standard model that explains the existence of three fermion families and the value of the fine structure constant. The main idea is that the ultraviolet divergences that we encounter…
The inconsistence of Dirac-Weyl field equations with the universal U(1) gauge invariance of neutrinos in quantum mechanics led to generalize the special relativity to the generic relativity, which was composed of the special relativity and…
We suggest a new particle model based on the symmetry group $SU(3)_{C}\otimes SU(2)_{L}\otimes SU(2)_{L'}\otimes SU(2)_{R}\otimes U(1)_{B-L}\otimes SU(3)_{F}\otimes U(1)_{N}$. The family symmetry and the high-energy left-handed and…
A 5D SU(7) family unification model with two spinor representations of SO(14) is presented. The fifth dimension is compactified on $S^1/Z_2\times Z_2'$. The orbifolding is used to obtain 4D SO(10) chiral fermions. The 4D grand unification…
In third quantization the origin of fermion families is easy to understand: the electron field, the muon field and the tau field are identical fields in precisely the same sense as three electrons are identical and undistinguishable…
It is shown that a chiral SU(2) model can break Lorentz symmetry spontaneously at the Lagrangian level when gauge bosons become massive. This model seems to propose the principles and conceptual foundations leading to a unified picture of…