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We construct the causal (forward/backward) propagators for the massive Klein-Gordon equation perturbed by a first order operator which decays in space but not necessarily in time. In particular, we obtain global estimates for…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Dean Baskin , Moritz Doll , Jesse Gell-Redman

A one parameter, model confined-gluon propagator is employed in a phenomenological application of the Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations to the calculation of a range of $\pi$- and $\rho$-meson observables. Good agreement is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 M. R. Frank , C. D. Roberts

Schwinger-Dyson equations for propagators are solved for the scalar $\Phi^3$ theory and massive Wick-Cutkosky model. With the help of integral representation the results are obtained directly in Minkowski space in and beyond bare vertex…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 V. Sauli

In Parts I and II we showed that e, $\nu$ propagators can be derived from rotation invariant projection operators, thereby providing examples of how quantities with spacetime symmetry can be obtained by constraining rotationally symmetric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard Shurtleff

The Wightman function for a massive free scalar field is studied within the light front formulation, while a special attention is paid to its mass dependence. The long lasting inconsistency is successfully solved by means of the novel…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jerzy A. Przeszowski , Jan Zochowski

We show that Green functions of second-order differential operators with singular or unbounded coefficients can have an anomalous behaviour in comparison to the well-known properties of Green functions of operators with bounded…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Z. Haba

The weak-field expansion of the charged fermion propagator under a uniform magnetic field is studied. Starting from Schwinger's proper-time representation, we express the charged fermion propagator as an infinite series corresponding to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Tzuu-Kang Chyi , Chien-Wen Hwang , W. F. Kao , Guey-Lin Lin , Kin-Wang Ng , Jie-Jun Tseng

We study the one-dimensional diffusion process which takes place between two reflecting boundaries and which is acted upon by a time-dependent and spatially-constant force. The assumed force possesses both the harmonically oscillating and…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Evzen Subrt , Petr Chvosta

Previous work in the literature has studied gravitational radiation in black-hole collisions at the speed of light. In particular, it had been proved that the perturbative field equations may all be reduced to equations in only two…

Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Giampiero Esposito

Nonexistence of global weak solutions of Klein-Gordon equations with gauge variant semilinear terms are considered in Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker spacetimes. Effects of spatial expansion or contraction on the solutions are studied…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Makoto Nakamura , Takuma Yoshizumi

We analyze the Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation in the context of a gravitational collapse. The physics of an expanding/collapsing universe and many details of a collapsing star can classically be described by the Roberston-Walker metric in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-17 Davide Batic , Marek Nowakowski

We study classical field theories in a background field configuration where all modes of the theory are excited, matching the zero-point energy spectrum of quantum field theory. Our construction involves elements of a theory of classical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 T. Hirayama , B. Holdom

In this paper DeWitt's formalism for field theories is presented; it provides a framework in which the quantization of fields possessing infinite dimensional invariance groups may be carried out in a manifestly covariant (non-Hamiltonian)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-20 Roberto Niardi

We study free scalar field theory on flat spacetime using a background independent (polymer) quantization procedure. Specifically we compute the propagator using a method that takes the energy spectrum and position matrix elements of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-24 Golam Mortuza Hossain , Viqar Husain , Sanjeev S. Seahra

The ghost and gluon propagator and the ghost-gluon and three-gluon vertex of two-dimensional SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in (minimal) Landau gauge are studied using lattice gauge theory. It is found that the results are qualitatively similar to…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 Axel Maas

We present a relation which connects the propagator in the radial (Fock-Schwinger) gauge with a gauge invariant Wilson loop. It is closely related to the well-known field strength formula and can be used to calculate the radial gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Stefan Leupold , Heribert Weigert

In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the vacuum structures are taken to be formed by nonperturbative interactions between gluons. The contributions of gluonic interactions can be parametrized by gluon condensates and especially the dimension-2…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-04-02 Su Kyeong Lee , Eun-Joo Kim , Jong Bum Choi

We give general conditions for the central limit theorem and weak convergence to Brownian motion (the weak invariance principle / functional central limit theorem) to hold for observables of compact group extensions of nonuniformly…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-08-25 Georg A. Gottwald , Ian Melbourne

Quantization of electrodynamics in curved space-time in the Lorenz gauge and with arbitrary gauge parameter makes it necessary to study Green functions of non-minimal operators with variable coefficients. Starting from the integral…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Giuseppe Bimonte , Enrico Calloni , Luciano Di Fiore , Giampiero Esposito , Leopoldo Milano , Luigi Rosa

We consider a massive relativistic particle in the background of a gravitational plane wave. The corresponding Green functions for both spinless and spin 1/2 cases, previously computed by A. Barducci and R. Giachetti \cite{Barducci3}, are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. N. Vaidya , C. Farina , M. S. Guimaraes , M. J. Neves