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Gauge symmetries play a central role, both in the mathematical foundations as well as the conceptual construction of modern (particle) physics theories. However, it is yet unclear whether they form a necessary component of theories, or…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Philipp Berghofer , Jordan François , Simon Friederich , Henrique Gomes , Guy Hetzroni , Axel Maas , René Sondenheimer

We study dynamical supersymmetry breaking in vector-like superconformal N=1 gauge theories. We find appropriate deformations of the superpotential to overcome the problem of the instability of the non supersymmetric vacuum. The request for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-03-18 Antonio Amariti , Luciano Girardello , Alberto Mariotti , Massimo Siani

False vacuum decay in field theory may be formulated as a boundary value problem in Euclidean space. In a previous work, we studied its solution in single scalar field theories with quadratic gravity and used it to find obstructions to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-22 Silvia Vicentini , Massimiliano Rinaldi

Topology enters in quantum field theory (qft) in multiple forms: one of the most important, in non-abelian gauge theories, being in the identification of the $\theta$ vacuum in QCD. A very relevant aspect of this connection is through the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-30 Claudio Corianò , Mario Cretì , Stefania D'Agostino

The unsuppressed CP violation in QCD is a problem in the standard model. If we have some mechanism to guarantee real determinants of the quark mass matrices, the vanishing physical vacuum angle $\bar \theta$ indicates the CP invariance at…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-03 Tatsuo Kobayashi , Hajime Otsuka , Morimitsu Tanimoto , Tsutomu T. Yanagida

To obtain some exact results of U(1) gauge theory (QED), we construct the low energy effective action of N=2 supersymmetric QED with a massless matter and Fayet-Iliopoulos term, assuming no confinement. The harmonic superspace formalism for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Masato Arai , Noriaki Kitazawa

In this chapter we provide a pedagogical introduction to the main theoretical aspects related to topology and $\theta$-dependence in Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD), and to their phenomenological relevance in the Standard Model ($\eta^\prime$…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-05-04 Claudio Bonanno , Claudio Bonati , Massimo D'Elia

The issue of the vacuum energy of quantum fields is briefly reviewed. It is argued that this energy is normally either much too large or much too small to account for the dark energy, However, there are a few proposals in which it would be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. H. Ford

Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that when certain quantities are calculated using perturbation theory the results are not gauge invariant. The non-gauge invariant terms have to be removed in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Dan Solomon

We analyze the contribution of the $\eta'(958)$ meson in the first two non-trivial moments of the QCD topological charge distribution, namely, the topological susceptibility and the fourth-order cumulant of the vacuum energy density. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-11-05 Angel Gómez Nicola , Jacobo Ruiz De Elvira , Andrea Vioque-Rodríguez

We calculate the lowest order quantum gravity contributions to QED beta function in an effective field theory picture with a momentum cutoff. We use a recently proposed 4 dimensional improved momentum cutoff that preserves gauge and Lorentz…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 G. Cynolter , E. Lendvai

The topological susceptibility of the QCD vacuum provides an understanding of $\theta$-vacua as vacua of a Chern-Simons gauge theory. In this way, it gives an immediate proof of the physicality of the boundary $\theta$-term. This makes the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-10 Gia Dvali , Lucy Komisel , Otari Sakhelashvili , Anja Wachowitz

We review the recent developments in the theory of jet-quenching. First, we analyze the coherent vacuum cascade and incoherent medium-induced cascade separately. We then discuss the interplay between the two kinds of cascade and the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-23 Yacine Mehtar-Tani

We define pure gauge $QCD$ on an infinite strip of width $L$. Techniques similar to those used in finite $TQCD$ allow us to relate $3D$-observables to pure $QCD_2$ behaviors. The non triviality of the $L \arrow 0$ limit is proven and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 A. Ferrando , A. Jaramillo

A discussion is made of the strategy to check dual superconductivity of the vacuum as a mechanism of colour confinement. Recent evidence from Lattice is reviewed.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Di Giacomo

Recent lattice calculations have confirmed that QCD static potential for sources in different representations of the gauge group is proportional to eigenvalue of the corresponding quadratic Casimir operator with an accuracy of a few…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 V. I. Shevchenko , Yu. A. Simonov

Imposing CP or P forces the QCD topological angle to be either $\bar\theta=0$ or $\bar\theta=\pi$. However, only the former is phenomenologically viable. This implies that the assumption of CP or P alone cannot provide a framework for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-17 Luca Vecchi

In this letter we address some of the issues raised in the literature about the conflict between a large vacuum energy density, apriori predicted by quantum field theory, and the observed dark energy which must be the energy of vacuum or…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-08-08 Houri Ziaeepour

We use arguments taken from the electrodynamics of media to deduce the QCD trace anomaly from the expression for the vacuum energy in the presence of an external color magnetic field.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 J. Grundberg , T. H. Hansson

In many gauge theories at different values of parameters entering Lagrangian, the vacuum is dominated by coherent condensates of different mutually non-local fields (for instance, by condensates of electric or magnetic charges, or by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 V. L. Chernyak