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In general relativity, it has been shown that the effective gravitational stress-energy tensor for short-wavelength metric perturbations acts just like that for a radiation fluid, and thus, in particular, cannot provide any effects that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-21 Keiki Saito , Akihiro Ishibashi

There is a growing expectation that the gravitational wave detectors will start probing the stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds in the following years. We explore the spectral shapes of gravitational waves induced to second order by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-13 Ioannis Dalianis , Konstantinos Kritos

We investigate the gravitational wave background induced by the first order scalar perturbations in the curvaton models. We consider the quadratic and axion-like curvaton potential which can generate the blue-tilted power spectrum of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-09 Masahiro Kawasaki , Naoya Kitajima , Shuichiro Yokoyama

A class of solutions of the gravitational field equations describing vacuum spacetimes outside rotating cylindrical sources is presented. A subclass of these solutions corresponds to the exterior gravitational fields of rotating cylindrical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Bahram Mashhoon , James C. McClune , Enrique Chavez , Hernando Quevedo

In this paper we study gravitational wave perturbations in a cosmological setting of bigravity which can reproduce the {\Lambda}CDM background and large scale structure. We show that in general gravitational wave perturbations are unstable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Giulia Cusin , Ruth Durrer , Pietro Guarato , Mariele Motta

We consider colliding wave packets consisting of hybrid mixtures of electromagnetic, gravitational and scalar waves. Irrespective of the scalar field, the electromagnetic wave still reflects from the gravitational wave. Some reflection…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Ozay Gurtug , Mustafa Halilsoy , Ozlem Unver

The scalar induced gravitational waves are produced from primordial curvature perturbations in the second order of perturbations. We constrain the fractional energy density of scalar induced gravitational waves from gravitational waves…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-07 Jun Li , Guang-Hai Guo

We show that a detectable tensor-to-scalar ratio $(r\ge 10^{-3})$ on the CMB scale can be generated even during extremely low energy inflation which saturates the BBN bound $\rho_{\rm inf}\approx (30 {\rm MeV})^4$. The source of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-01 Tomohiro Fujita , Ryo Namba , Yuichiro Tada

As a low energy effective field theory, classical General Relativity receives an infrared relevant modification from the conformal trace anomaly of the energy-momentum tensor of massless, or nearly massless, quantum fields. The local form…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-04 Emil Mottola

We consider the effects of the quantum stress tensor fluctuations of a conformal field in generating gravity waves in inflationary models. We find a non-scale invariant, non-Gaussian contribution which depends upon the total expansion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-12-08 Chun-Hsien Wu , Jen-Tsung Hsiang , L. H. Ford , Kin-Wang Ng

We present a detailed study of the effective stress tensor of gravitational wave (GW) as the source for the background Einstein equation and examine three candidates in literature. The second order perturbed Einstein tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-30 Yang Zhang , Xuan Ye

At the linear level, the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum predicted by inflation, and many of its alternatives, can have arbitrarily small amplitude and consequently an unconstrained tilt. However, at second order, tensor fluctuations are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-10 Ido Ben-Dayan , Brian Keating , David Leon , Ira Wolfson

The almost scale-invariant spectrum for the stochastic background wave (in primordial Universe) is a firm prediction of inflationary scenarios. In the present work, to study of primordial Gravitational Waves, one dimensional toy model in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-10 Taimur Mohammadi , Behrooz Malekolkalami

We study the quantization of a scalar field on a classical background given by the Szekeres Class of solutions, which represent the collision of two gravitational plane waves with constant polarization. These solutions consist of two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-09-25 Miquel Dorca

Unlike general relativity, scalar-tensor theories of gravity predict scalar gravitational waves even from a spherically symmetric gravitational collapse. We solve numerically the generation and propagation of the scalar gravitational wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-09 Tomohiro Harada , Takeshi Chiba , Ken-ichi Nakao , Takashi Nakamura

We consider gravitational wave production by bubble collisions during a cosmological first-order phase transition. In the literature, such spectra have been estimated by simulating the bubble dynamics, under so-called thin-wall and envelope…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-11 Ryusuke Jinno , Masahiro Takimoto

These notes address the planar gravitational wave solutions of general relativity in empty space-time, and analyze the motion of test particles in the gravitational wave field. Next we consider related solutions of the Einstein equations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. W. van Holten

We study gravitational waves to first and second order in amplitude in vacuum asymptotically flat spacetimes. The Einstein equations are solved to first order and these solutions are superposed to form a time-symmetric ingoing and then…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-07-13 J. Bicak , J. Katz , T. Ledvinka , D. Lynden-Bell

We analyze the propagation and polarization properties of high-frequency gravitational waves in Einstein-\AE ther theory on vorticity-free and slowly-varying backgrounds at both leading and next-to-leading orders within the geometric optics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Yu-Qi Dong , Shinji Mukohyama , Yu-Xiao Liu

We present analytic integral solutions for the second-order induced gravitational waves (GWs). After presenting all the possible second-order source terms, we calculate explicitly the solutions for the GWs induced by the linear scalar and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-14 Jinn-Ouk Gong