Related papers: 1+1 string with quarks at the ends revisited
This article proves that according to the principles of quantum mechanics the existence of elementary particles of negative mass is physically plausible. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle plays an important role in this demonstration. By…
The target space theory of the N=(2,1) heterotic string may be interpreted as a theory of gravity coupled to matter in either $1+1$ or $2+1$ dimensions. Among the target space theories in $1+1$ dimensions are the bosonic, type II, and…
We explore the quantization of a $(1+1)$-dimensional inhomogeneous scalar field theory in which Poincar\'{e} symmetry is explicitly broken. We show the `classical equivalence' between a scalar field theory on curved spacetime background and…
Quantum canonical transformations are defined algebraically outside of a Hilbert space context. This generalizes the quantum canonical transformations of Weyl and Dirac to include non-unitary transformations. The importance of non-unitary…
String breaking, the process by which flux tubes fragment into hadronic states, is a hallmark of confinement in strongly-interacting quantum field theories. A suite of quantum complexity measures is examined using Matrix Product States to…
Quantization of 4-dimensional Nambu-Goto theory of open string in light cone gauge, related in Lorentz-invariant way with the world sheet, is performed. Obtained quantum theory has no anomalies in Lorentz group. Determined spin-mass spectra…
This work is a natural continuation of our recent study in quantizing relativistic particles. There it was demonstrated that, by applying a consistent quantization scheme to a classical model of a spinless relativistic particle as well as…
String theory, as a theory containing quantum gravity, is usually thought to require more dimensions of spacetime than the usual 3+1. Here I argue on physical grounds that needing extra dimensions for strings may well be an artefact of…
Lie algebra contractions on the classical Drinfel'd Double of a given Lie bialgebra are introduced and compared to the usual Lie bialgebra contraction theory. The connection between both approaches turns out to be intimately linked to…
This essay presents a critical evaluation of the concepts of string theory and its impact on particle physics. The point of departure is a historical review of four decades of string theory within the broader context of six decades of…
We argue that cosmic strings with high winding numbers generally form in first-order gauge symmetry breaking phase transitions, and we demonstrate this using computer simulations. These strings are heavier than single-winding strings and…
We identify a canonical transformation which maps the chiral Gross-Neveu model onto a recently proposed Cooper pair model. Baryon number and axial charge are interchanged. The same physics can be described either as chiral symmetry breaking…
Here we prove that the classical (respectively, quantum) system, consisting of a particle moving in a static electromagnetic field, is canonically (respectively, unitarily) equivalent to a harmonic oscillator perturbed by a spatially…
We study the formation and evolution of an interconnected string network in large-scale field-theory numerical simulations, both in flat spacetime and in expanding universe. The network consists of gauge U(1) strings of two different kinds…
String theory requires two kinds of loop expansion: classical $(\alpha')$ worldsheet loops with expansion parameter $<T>$ where $T$ is a modulus field, and quantum $(\hbar)$ spacetime loops with expansion parameter $<S>$ where $S$ is the…
Quantum gauge theories with finite-dimensional representation spaces are constructed that can have canonical gauge field theories as singular limits. They describe nature as a recursive quantum assembly by iterating Fermi-Dirac…
Within the premise of canonical quantisation, we re-examine the quantum structure of bosonic tensionless string theory. In the classical theory, the worldsheet metric degenerates and the Bondi-Metnzer-Sachs (BMS) algebra arises as the…
The problem of time in canonical quantum gravity is related to the fact that the canonical description is based on the prior choice of a spacelike foliation, hence making a reference to a spacetime metric. However, the metric is expected to…
A covariant calculus for the construction of effective string theories is developed. Effective string theory, describing quantum string-like excitations in arbitrary dimension, has in the past been constructed using the principles of…
We introduce a method to investigate the static and dynamic properties of both Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge models in 1+1 dimensions. Specifically, we identify a set of transformations that disentangle different degrees of freedom,…