Related papers: Screening vs. Confinement in 1+1 Dimensions
We show that it is possible to obtain the Gross-Neveu model in 1+1 dimensions from gauge fields only. This is reminiscent of the fact that in 1+1 dimensions the gauge field tensor is essentially a pseudo-scalar. We also show that it is…
We present our results obtained from gauge cooled complex Langevin simulations in 1+1d QCD at non-zero densities in the strong coupling regime with unrooted staggered fermions. For small quark masses there are regions of the chemical…
We consider a $\mathbb{Z}_3$ gauge theory coupled to three degenerate massive flavors of fermions, which we term "QZD". The spectrum can be computed in $1+1$ dimensions using tensor networks. In weak coupling the spectrum is that of the…
We consider a 2+1 dimensional model of charged fermions coupled to a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge field, and study the confinement transition in this regime. To elucidate the phase diagram of this model, we introduce a method to handle the Gauss…
A study of spinless matter fermions coupled to a constrained $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ lattice gauge theory on a triangular ladder is presented. The triangular unit cell and the ladder geometry strongly modify the physics, as compared to previous…
The Schwinger confinement mechanism stipulates that a massless fermion and a massless antifermion are confined as a massive boson when they interact in the Abelian QED interaction in (1+1)D. If we approximate light quarks as massless and…
We present a numerical study of the spectrum of an asymptotically non-free $SU(2)$ gauge theory with $N_f=24$ massive fermion flavors. For such large number of flavors, asymptotic freedom is lost and the massless theory is governed by a…
We analyze the behavior of quarks coupled to a $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions. In the limit of strong coupling, the model reduces to a Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten (WZNW) model. At nonzero density, excitations near the Fermi surface…
We consider the massless charge-$N$ Schwinger model and its deformation with two four-fermion operators. Without the deformations, this model exhibits chiral symmetry breaking without confinement. It is usually asserted that the massless…
We review recent developments in our understanding of the dynamics of strongly-coupled chiral $SU(N)$ gauge theories in four dimensions, problems which are potentially important in our quest to go beyond the standard $SU(3)_{QCD} \times…
The dynamical generation of a fermion mass is studied within ($2+1$)-dimensional QED with $N$ four-component fermions in the leading and next-to-leading orders of the 1/N expansion. The analysis is carried out in the Landau gauge which is…
We analyze the properties of mesons in 1+1 dimensional QCD with bosonic and fermionic ``quarks'' in the large $\nc$ limit. We study the spectrum in detail and show that it is impossible to obtain massless mesons including boson constituents…
One-dimensional massive quantum particles (or 1+1-dimensional random walks) with short-ranged multi-particle interactions are studied by exact renormalization group methods. With repulsive pair forces, such particles are known to scale as…
We consider SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 1+1 dimensions coupled to massless adjoint fermions. With all fields in the adjoint representation the gauge group is actually SU(2)/Z_2, which possesses nontrivial topology. In particular, there are…
Understanding the confinement mechanism in gauge theories and the universality of effective string-like descriptions of gauge flux tubes remains a fundamental challenge in modern physics. We probe string modes of motion with dynamical…
Confinement is a paradigmatic phenomenon of gauge theories, and its understanding lies at the forefront of high-energy physics. Here, we study confinement in a simple one-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory at finite temperature…
There are no "three regimes of QCD", as speculated in that paper. There are only two, separated by already well known $T_c\sim 155\, MeV$. Above it electric interactions are screened rather then confined. Magnetic ones remain confined all…
Redefining the vacuum state of a free two-fold $N=1$ covariant supersymmetric string action as the one with all the excited states of world-sheet fermions occupied, makes the theory anomaly free in (3+1)+4 dimensions. While in the $NS$…
We investigate an extension of the Standard Model (SM) incorporating a gauge $ U(1) $ horizontal symmetry that is free of anomalies. This extension introduces four additional un-Higgsed scalar doublets that do not develop vacuum expectation…
We propose a new solution to the strong-CP problem. It involves the existence of an unbroken gauged $U(1)_X$ symmetry whose gauge boson gets a Stuckelberg mass term by combining with a pseudoscalar field $\eta (x)$. The latter has…