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In this paper, we present a detailed review/analysis of the Dirac quantisation of Hamiltonian systems with constraints. To this end, we use, as a guide, the physical example provided by the dynamics of a solid ball rolling, without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 M. F. Araujo de Resende , Thales Machado F

We first review the application of Dirac's method to the dynamics of a classical particle constrained to a circle and its subsequent quantization. Then, we extend the analysis to a particle constrained to move on an ellipse. Particularly,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-09 Akshay Chaturvedi , Pichai Ramadevi

This paper develops the theory of Dirac reduction by symmetry for nonholonomic systems on Lie groups with broken symmetry. The reduction is carried out for the Dirac structures, as well as for the associated Lagrange-Dirac and…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-10-21 François Gay-Balmaz , Hiroaki Yoshimura

These are pedagogical notes on the Hamiltonian formulation of constrained dynamical systems. All the examples are finite dimensional, field theories are not covered, and the notes could be used by students for a preliminary study before the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-12-24 Brian P. Dolan

The Dirac-Bergmann algorithm is a recipe for converting a theory with a singular Lagrangian into a constrained Hamiltonian system. Constrained Hamiltonian systems include gauge theories -- general relativity, electromagnetism, Yang Mills,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-10 J. David Brown

Recent results in control systems and numerical integration literature utilize invariant set theory to lift dynamical systems evolving on nonlinear manifolds to those evolving on vector spaces. We leverage this technique to propose an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-09 Siddharth H. Nair

A review is given of the canonical reduction of gauge and relativistic particle theories and of a new covariant rest-frame instant form of dynamics according to Dirac's theory of constraints

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-27 Luca Lusanna

We analyze the canonical treatment of classical constrained mechanical systems formulated with a discrete time. We prove that under very general conditions, it is possible to introduce nonsingular canonical transformations that preserve the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Cayetano Di Bartolo , Rodolfo Gambini , Rafael Porto , Jorge Pullin

In this work, we investigate a Lagrangian model describing a particle constrained to move along non-degenerate conic sections, parameterized by the orbital eccentricity \( e \). In the non-relativistic regime, we apply the Dirac--Bergmann…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-01 Alejandro G. Andarcia-Caballero , Jaime Manuel-Cabrera , Luis G. Romero-Hernández , Jorge M. Paulin-Fuentes

An extension of the Legendre transform to non-convex functions with vanishing Hessian as a mix of envelope and general solutions of the Clairaut equation is proposed. Applying this to systems with constraints, the procedure of finding a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-09-11 Steven Duplij

So far, it is not well known how to deal with dissipative systems. There are many paths of investigation in the literature and none of them present a systematic and general procedure to tackle the problem. On the other hand, it is well…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-27 Everton M. C. Abreu , Cresus F. L. Godinho

We study the discretization of (almost-)Dirac structures using the notion of retraction and discretization maps on manifolds. Additionally, we apply the proposed discretization techniques to obtain numerical integrators for port-Hamiltonian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-12 María Barbero-Liñán , Juan Manuel López Medel , David Martín de Diego

We give an overview of the two different methods that have been introduced in order to describe the dynamics of constrained quantum systems; the symplectic formulation and the metric formulation. The symplectic method extends the work of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Anna C. T. Gustavsson

In this paper we generalize the involutive methods and algorithms devised for polynomial ideals to differential ones generated by a finite set of linear differential polynomials in the differential polynomial ring over a zero characteristic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Vladimir P. Gerdt

The semiclassical solution of quantum Dirac constraints in generic constrained system is obtained by directly calculating in the one-loop approximation the gauge field path integral with relativistic gauge fixing procedure. The gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 A. O. Barvinsky

A simple framework for Dirac spinors is developed that parametrizes admissible quantum dynamics and also analytically constructs electromagnetic fields, obeying Maxwell's equations, which yield a desired evolution. In particular, we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-01 Andre G. Campos , Renan Cabrera , Herschel A. Rabitz , Denys I. Bondar

In these notes, we present an alternative version of discrete Dirac mechanics using Dirac structures. We first establish a notion of 'continuous Dirac system' and then propose a definition of discrete Dirac system, proving that it is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-08-19 Matías I. Caruso , Javier Fernández , Cora Tori , Marcela Zuccalli

The Dirac method is used to analyze the classical and quantum dynamics of a particle constrained on a circle. The method of Lagrange multipliers is scrutinized, in particular in relation to the quantization procedure. Ordering problems are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonello Scardicchio

We study two constrained scalar models. While there seems to be equivalence when the partially integrated Feynman path integral is expanded graphically, the dynamical behaviour of the two models are different when quantization is done using…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Hortacsu , K. Ulker

We consider the problem of constrained motion along a conic path under a given external potential function. The model is described as a second-class system capturing the behavior of a certain class of specific quantum field theories. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 R. L. Caires , S. L. Oliveira , R. Thibes