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We construct a linear basis of a free GDN superalgebra over a field of characteristic $\neq 2$. As applications, we prove a PBW theorem, that is, any GDN superalgebra can be embedded into its universal enveloping commutative associative…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-11-26 Zerui Zhang , L. A. Bokut , Yuqun Chen

We consider the canonical quantization of a generalized two-dimensional massive fermion theory containing higher odd-order derivatives. The requirements of Lorentz invariance, hermiticity of the Hamiltonian and absence of tachyon…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 L. V. Belvedere , R. L. P. G. Amaral , C. G. Carvalhaes , N. A. Lemos

The symmetry factor of Feynman diagrams for real and complex scalar fields is presented. Being analysis of Wick expansion for Green functions, the mentioned factor is derived in a general form. The symmetry factor can be separated into two…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-17 P. V. Dong , L. T. Hue , H. T. Hung , H. N. Long , N. H. Thao

We discuss the bosonization of non-relativistic fermions in one space dimension in terms of bilocal operators which are naturally related to the generators of $W$-infinity algebra. The resulting system is analogous to the problem of a spin…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Sumit R. Das , Avinash Dhar , Gautam Mandal , Spenta R. Wadia

After some definitions, we review in the first part of this talk the construction and classification of classical $W$ (super)algebras symmetries of Toda theories. The second part deals with more recently obtained properties. At first, we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 F. Delduc , L. Frappat , E. Ragoucy , P. Sorba

In the present letter we indicate an extension of the pure gravity inverse scattering integration technique to the case when fermions (introduced on the base of supersymmetry) are present. In this way the integrability technique for simple…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-12 Vladimir A. Belinski

The aim of these notes is to give an accessible and self-contained introduction to the theory of gravitational waves as the theory of a relativistic symmetric tensor field in a Minkowski background spacetime. This is the approach of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-17 Marco de Cesare , R. Oliveri , J. W. van Holten

We develop the embedding formalism for odd dimensional Dirac spinors in AdS and apply it to the (geodesic) Witten diagrams including fermionic degrees of freedom. We first show that the geodesic Witten diagram (GWD) with fermion exchange is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-15 Mitsuhiro Nishida , Kotaro Tamaoka

Parafermionic conformal field theories are considered on a purely algebraic basis. The generalized Jacobi type identity is presented. Systems of free fermions coupled to each other by nontrivial parafermionic type relations are studied in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-10-27 Boris Noyvert

We construct composite operators in two-dimensional bosonized QCD, which obey a $W_\infty$ algebra, and discuss their relation to analogous objects recently obtained in the fermionic language. A complex algebraic structure is unravelled,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 E. Abdalla , M. C. B. Abdalla

Let $W$ be a $G$-graded algebra over a field of characteristic zero, where $G$ is a finite group. We develope a theory of generalized $G$-graded polynomial identities satisfied by any finite-dimensional $W$-algebra $A$, by mean of the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Giovanni Busalacchi , Fabrizio Martino , Carla Rizzo

Quantum walks on lattices can give rise to relativistic wave equations in the long-wavelength limit, but going beyond the single-particle case has proven challenging, especially in more than one spatial dimension. We construct quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 Leonard Mlodinow , Todd A. Brun

In this paper we relate two mathematical frameworks that make perturbative quantum field theory rigorous: perturbative algebraic quantum field theory (pAQFT) and the factorization algebras framework developed by Costello and Gwilliam. To…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Owen Gwilliam , Kasia Rejzner

In this paper we introduce a class of generalized supersymmetric Toda field theories. The theories are labeled by a continuous parameter and have $N=2$ supersymmetry. They include previously known $N=2$ Toda theories as special cases. Using…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Niclas Wyllard

A new generalized Wick theorem for interacting fields in 2D conformal field theory is described. We briefly discuss its relation to the Borcherds identity and its derivation by an analytic method. Examples of the calculations of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-09-08 Taichiro Takagi

A new parafermionic algebra associated with the homogeneous space $A^{(2)}_2/U(1)$ and its corresponding $Z$-algebra have been recently proposed. In this paper, we give a free boson representation of the $A^{(2)}_2$ parafermion algebra in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Xiang-Mao Ding , Mark. D. Gould , Yao-Zhong Zhang

Let $A$ be a $W$-algebra over a field $F$ of characteristic zero, where $W$ is any $F$-algebra. We first develop a comprehensive theory of generalized identities independent of the algebraic structure of $W$, using the multiplier algebra of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Fabrizio Martino , Carla Rizzo

We describe a 3d analog of the Jordan-Wigner transformation which maps an arbitrary fermionic system on a 3d spatial lattice to a 2-form $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory with an unusual Gauss law. An important property of this map is that it…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-12-25 Yu-An Chen , Anton Kapustin

In the first part, the second quantization procedure and the free Bosonic scalar field will be introduced, and the axioms for quantum fields and nets of observable algebras will be discussed. The second part is mainly devoted to an…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2011-02-01 Daniele Guido

Two-dimensional quantum field theories are important in many problems in physics because they contain exact symmetries and are often completely integrable. We demonstrate the power of bosonization in elucidating the structure of a…

General Physics · Physics 2014-07-09 Yuan K. Ha