Related papers: Black Hole Information

If black hole formation and evaporation can be described by an $S$ matrix, information would be expected to come out in black hole radiation. An estimate shows that it may come out initially so slowly, or else be so spread out, that it…

Strominger has proposed an interesting concrete realization of Hawking's idea that information is lost in black hole evaporation. In this note we demonstrate that a straightforward interpretation of Strominger's model leads to a complete…

When a black hole is put in an "empty" space (zero temperature space) on which there is no matter except the matter of the Hawking radiation (Hawking field), then an outgoing energy flow from the black hole into the empty space exists. By…

This study investigates the evaporation process of a Schwarzschild black hole, incorporating quantum corrections arising from conformal anomaly and vacuum polarization. We demonstrate that these corrections significantly alter the Hawking…

The fate of classical information incident on a quantum black hole has been the subject of an ongoing controversy in theoretical physics, because a calculation within the framework of semi-classical curved-space quantum field theory appears…

I distinguish between two versions of the black hole information-loss paradox. The first arises from apparent failure of unitarity on the spacetime of a completely evaporating black hole, which appears to be non-globally-hyperbolic; this is…

Many discussion about the black hole conundrums, such as singularity and information loss, suggested that there must be some essential irreconcilable conflict between quantum theory and classical gravity theory, which cannot be solved with…

I review the information loss paradox that was first formulated by Hawking, and discuss possible ways of resolving it. All proposed solutions have serious drawbacks. I conclude that the information loss paradox may well presage a revolution…

The black hole information paradox is a long-standing problem in theoretical physics. Despite some recent progress, many issues remain open and should be clarified. In this paper, we study the information paradox of Kerr black holes and…

Until 1974, the study of black holes was under the hegemony of Einstein's general relativity. However, that same year, Stephen Hawking incorporated quantum theory and discovered that black holes have temperature, entropy, and evaporate.…

When a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from the black hole into its outside environment due to the Hawking radiation and the energy accretion onto black hole. Exactly speaking, due to the net energy flow, the black…

Hawking's groundbreaking prediction that black holes emit thermal radiation and ultimately evaporate remains unverified due to the extreme faintness of this radiation for stellar-mass or larger black holes. In this study, we explore a novel…

The thermal balance between the black hole and surrounding thermal radiation is an interesting topic. The primordial black hole is a type of black hole formed in the early universe, especially during the thermal radiation period of the…

The formation and quantum mechanical evaporation of black holes in two spacetime dimensions can be studied using effective classical field equations, recently introduced by Callan {\it et al.} We find that gravitational collapse always…

For more than 30 years the discovery that black holes radiate like black bodies of specific temperature has triggered a multitude of puzzling questions concerning their nature and the fate of information that goes down the black hole during…

The information loss paradox is widely regarded as one of the biggest open problems in theoretical physics. Several classical and quantum features must be present to enable its formulation. First, an event horizon is needed to justify the…

We measure the correlation spectrum of the Hawking radiation emitted by an analogue black hole and find it to be thermal at the Hawking temperature implied by the analogue surface gravity. The Hawking radiation is in the regime of linear…

When a shell collapses through its horizon, semiclassical physics suggests that information cannot escape from this horizon. One might hope that nonperturbative quantum gravity effects will change this situation and avoid the `information…

We construct a self-consistent model which describes a black hole from formation to evaporation including the back reaction from the Hawking radiation. In the case where a null shell collapses, at the beginning the evaporation occurs, but…

John Wheeler coined the phrase "it from bit" or "bit from it" in the 1980s. However, much of the interest in the connection between information, i.e. "bits", and physical objects, i.e. "its", stems from the discovery that black holes have…