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Elementary features of galileon models are discussed at an introductory level. Following a simple example, a general formalism leading to a hierarchy of field equations and Lagrangians is developed for flat spacetimes. Legendre duality is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-14 Thomas L. Curtright , David B. Fairlie , Hassan Alshal

In this paper the structures of the generalised Euler-Lagrange equations and their associated conserved quantities are derived for one-dimensional Herglotz variational problems of order $n$. Their derivations use the framework of moving…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Tânia M. N. Gonçalves , Delfim F. M. Torres , Gastão S. F. Frederico

Relying on a fundamental empirical identity of heavy and inertial mass it is proposed to bring a status of general theory of relativity (GTR) of Einstein up to a level of Unified Field Theory. To do this, a thoroughgoing revision of…

General Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Boris Mordvinov

We complete the first stage of constructing a theory of fields not investigated before; these fields transform according to Lorentz group representations decomposable into an infinite direct sum of finite-dimensional irreducible…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 L. M. Slad

In a four-dimensional space, I shall construct all of the conformally invariant scalar-tensor field theories, which are flat space compatible; i.e., well-defined and differentiable when evaluated for a flat metric tensor and constant scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-16 Gregory W. Horndeski

This paper provides global formulations of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian variational dynamics evolving on the product of an arbitrary number of two-spheres. Four types of Euler-Lagrange equations and Hamilton's equations are developed in a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-03-10 Taeyoung Lee , Melvin Leok , N. Harris McClamroch

This work contains an exposition of foundations of the variational calculus in fibered manifolds. The emphasis is laid on the geometric aspects of the theory. Especially functionals defined by real functions (Lagrange functions) or…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Demeter Krupka

It is shown that target space diffeomorphism invariance of a generic Lagrangian for a set of scalar fields leads to an analog of Einstein equations for the geometry of a level set of these fields.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-06 A. A. Sheykin

We consider static, spherically symmetric vacuum solutions to the equations of a theory of gravity with the Lagrangian f(R) where R is the scalar curvature and f is an arbitrary function. Using a well-known conformal transformation, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 K. A. Bronnikov , M. S. Chernakova

A unified field theory based on the compactification of a higher D-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs action is developed. The extra D-4 dimensions form a compact internal space with scale size R. An anomaly-free unified chiral model of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. W. Moffat

Lagrangians which transform homogeneously under a global transformation of the fields (a global rescaling, for instance) can be written on-shell as a total derivative which has a universal, solution-independent expression, using a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-01 José Luis V. Cerdeira , Tomás Ortín

We classify higher-order Maxwell-Einstein theories linear in the curvature tensor and quadratic in the derivatives of the electromagnetic field strength whose kinetic matrices are degenerate. This provides a generalisation of quadratic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-26 Aimeric Colléaux , Karim Noui

Extended geometry provides a unified framework for double geometry, exceptional geometry, etc., i.e., for the geometrisations of the string theory and M-theory dualities. In this talk, we will explain the structure of gauge transformations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-22 Martin Cederwall , Jakob Palmkvist

We investigate the static and spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein's equations for a scalar field with non-canonical kinetic term, assumed to provide both the dark matter and dark energy components of the Universe. In particular, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniele Bertacca , Nicola Bartolo , Sabino Matarrese

A new geometrical setting for classical field theories is introduced. This description is strongly inspired in the one due to Skinner and Rusk for singular lagrangians systems. For a singular field theory a constraint algorithm is developed…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-09-07 M. de Leon , J. C. Marrero , D. Martin de Diego

We study two-dimensional integrable field theories from the viewpoint of the four-dimensional Chern-Simons-type gauge theory introduced recently. The integrable field theories are realized as effective theories for the four-dimensional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-08 Kevin Costello , Masahito Yamazaki

I survey physics theories involving parallel universes, arguing that they form a natural four-level hierarchy of multiverses allowing progressively greater diversity. Level I: A generic prediction of inflation is an infinite ergodic…

Popular Physics · Physics 2009-05-11 Max Tegmark

For decades, a lot of work has been devoted to the problem of constructing a non-trivial quantum field theory in four-dimensional space time. This letter addresses the attempts to construct an algebraic quantum field theory in the framework…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-04-12 Andreas Aste

This paper explores the Friedmann field equations within the framework of Lovelock gravity, a natural extension of Einstein's gravity, focusing on both flat and open universes. Utilizing an approach based on independent Riemann tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-30 Aleksei Nikolaev

The standard model of particle physics is generalized so as to be furnished with a horizontal symmetry generated by an intermediary algebra between simple Lie algebras $\mathfrak{su}(2)$ and $\mathfrak{su}(3)$. Above a certain high energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-01-15 Ikuo S. Sogami