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Superconductors are the only experimentally accessible systems with spontaneously broken gauge symmetries which support topologically nontrivial defects, namely string defects. We propose two experiments whose aim is the observation of the…
We consider formation of composite strings and domain walls as a result of fusion of two elementary objects (elementary strings in the first case and elementary walls in the second) located at a distance from each other. The tension of the…
Results of a high statistics study of chromo field distributions around static sources in pure SU(2) gauge theory on lattices of volumes $16^4$, $32^4$, and $48^3\times 64$ at $\beta=2.5$, $2.635$, and $2.74$ are presented. We establish…
Sign problem in fermion quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation appears to be an extremely hard problem. Traditional lore passing around for years tells people that when there is a sign problem, the average sign in QMC simulation approaches…
The hanging chain is a very instructive system for demonstrating more advanced methods and ideas for the analysis of normal modes of one-dimensional systems, beyond the standard ordinary (horizontal) string. Accordingly, the normal modes of…
The large N limit of SU(N) gauge theories in 3+1 dimensions is investigated on the lattice by extrapolating results obtained for $2 \le N \le 5$. A numerical determination of the masses of the lowest-lying glueball states and of the…
Recently, it was pointed out that quantum orders and the associated projective symmetry groups can produce and protect massless gauge bosons and massless fermions in local bosonic models. In this paper, we demonstrate that a state with such…
We address the question whether features known from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) can possibly also show up in solid-state physics. It is shown that spinless fermions of charge $e$ on a checkerboard lattice with nearest-neighbor repulsion…
Two new effects of interaction of the gauge string with a homogeneous density of fermions are considered in a gauge model with an anomalous coupling of vector fields with fermions. First, the presence of an induced nonzero magnetic-like…
Quantum information theory and strongly correlated electron systems share a common theme of macroscopic quantum entanglement. In both topological error correction codes and theories of quantum materials (spin liquid, heavy fermion and…
A quantum simulator of U(1) lattice gauge theories can be implemented with superconducting circuits. This allows the investigation of confined and deconfined phases in quantum link models, and of valence bond solid and spin liquid phases in…
In the 1-dimensional matrix model one identifies the tachyon field in the asymptotic region with a nonlocal transform of the density of fermions. But there is a problem in relating the classical tachyon field with the surface profile of the…
We calculate the low-lying spectra of glueballs and confining flux tubes in the U(1) lattice gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions. We see that up to modest lattice spacing corrections, the glueball states are consistent with being multiparticle…
The dual formulation of the compact U(1) lattice gauge theory in three spacetime dimensions allows to finely study the squared width and the profile of the confining flux tube on a wide range of physical interquark distances. The results…
We show that large string threshold corrections can reconcile the string and MSSM unification scales in fermionic strings. This requires at least three moduli with large VEVs which are different from each other and MSSM states arising in an…
Fermionic artificial matter realized with cold atoms grants access to an unprecedented degree of control on sophisticated many-body effects with an enhanced flexibility of the operating conditions. We consider three-component fermions with…
We study string breaking in the three dimensional SU(2) Higgs model, using values of the gauge coupling for which the confinement-like and Higgs-like regions of the phase diagram are separated just by a smooth crossover. We show that even…
We investigate the quantum statistical properties of the confining string connecting a static fermion-antifermion pair in the massive Schwinger model. By analyzing the reduced density matrix of the subsystem located in between the fermion…
Contrary to the common wisdom, local bosonizations of fermionic systems exist in higher dimensions. Interestingly, resulting bosonic variables must satisfy local constraints of a gauge type. They effectively replace long distance exchange…
Strain has been extensively employed to tailor graphene's properties and has emerged as a powerful tool for engineering gauge fields and exploring fundamental phenomena in artificial platforms like photonic graphene. Here we discover that,…