Related papers: The Kirchhoff gauge
This paper presents a simple and systematic method to show how the potentials in the Lorentz, Coulomb, Kirchhoff, velocity and temporal gauges yield the same retarded electric and magnetic fields. The method appropriately uses the dynamical…
The existence of gauge conditions involving second-order derivatives of potentials is not well known in classical electrodynamics. We introduce one of these gauges, the Coulomb static gauge, in which the scalar potential is given by the…
Heras purports to show without solving the requisite dynamic equations how the non-causal term generated by the scalar potential of the Coulomb, Kirchhoff, or velocity gauge is canceled by an equal and opposite term in the contribution to…
Vector and scalar potentials are used for convenience in solving boundary value problems involving electromagnetic (EM) fields. The potentials are made unique by choosing a non-unique gauge relationship. The most commonly used gauges are…
In this work we revisit the process of constructing wave equations for the scalar and vector potentials of an electromagnetic field, and show that a wave equation with an arbitrary velocity (including a velocity higher than the velocity of…
We derive the dyadic Green's function for the generalized velocity gauge in the time domain with an arbitrary parameter v and show that it reduces to the Lorenz and the Coulomb gauge Green's functions in the limit as v goes to the speed of…
It is shown that the well-known procedure for proving the equivalence of the expressions for the electric field calculated using the Lorentz and Coulomb gauges is incorrect. The difference between the two gauges is due to the difference in…
Based on the Coulomb gauge, the accurate Klein-Gordon equation in static scalar and vector potentials was derived from Klein-Gordon equation in electromagnetic environment. The correct equation developed in this comment demonstrates that…
The present paper is devoted to consideration and discussion of a number of contradictions that take place in fundamental electrodynamics researches. A concept of the scalar-vector potential is introduced that allows us to avoid a number of…
Vector and scalar potential formulation is valid from quantum theory to classical electromagnetics. The rapid development in quantum optics calls for electromagnetic solutions that straddle quantum physics as well as classical physics. The…
Modern undergraduate textbooks in electricity and magnetism typically focus on a force representation of electrodynamics with an emphasis on Maxwell's Equations and the Lorentz Force Law. The vector potential $\mathbf{A}$ and scalar…
Electrodynamics in curved spacetime can be studied in the Eastwood--Singer gauge, which has the advantage of respecting the invariance under conformal rescalings of the Maxwell equations. Such a construction is here studied in Einstein…
The concept of gauge invariance in classical electrodynamics assumes tacitly that Maxwell's equations have unique solutions. By calculating the electromagnetic field of a moving particle both in Lorenz and in Coulomb gauge and directly from…
In the classical electrodynamics, different gauges, i.e. connections between the electromagnetic potentials, are used. Some of these are quite specific and intended for calculations in special systems (absence of free charges, etc.). All of…
The inhomogeneous wave equations for the scalar, vector, and Hertz potentials are derived starting from retarded charge, current, and polarization densities and then solved in the reciprocal (or k-) space to obtain general solutions, which…
The potential concept that is successful in classical electrodynamics should also be applicable to the nonlinear electromagnetic forces acting on matter. The obvious method of determining these potentials should be provided by Helmholtz's…
Within the framework of Classical Electrodynamics (CED) it is common practice to choose freely an arbitrary gauge condition with respect to a gauge transformation of the electromagnetic potentials. The Lorenz gauge condition allows for the…
The Maxwell's electromagnetic equations are isomorphic to the motion equation of a linear elastic continuum which is hard to compression though liable to shear deformation. The Coulomb gauge expresses the medium incompressibility. The…
The fallacies associated with the gauge concept in electromagnetism are illustrated. A clearer and more valid formulation of the basics of classical electromagnetism is provided by recognizing existing physical constraints as well as the…
The main purposes of this paper are (i) to illustrate explicitly by a number of examples the gauge functions chi(x, t) whose spatial and temporal derivatives transform one set of electromagnetic potentials into another equivalent set; and…