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A reduced form of the Dirac equation has been previously introduced and studied in the Center of Mass reference frame. In this work we show that this equation can be written in a covariant form in a generic reference frame by using specific…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-16 M. De Sanctis

We derive gauge-invariant expressions for the twist $Tw$ and the linking number $Lk$ of a closed space curve, that are independent of the frame used to describe the curve, and hence characterize the intrinsic geometry of the curve. We are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Radha Balakrishnan , Indubala I Satija

Given a feature set for the shape of a closed loop, it is natural to ask which features in that set do not change when the starting point of the path is moved. For example, in two dimensions, the area enclosed by the path does not depend on…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Joscha Diehl , Rosa Preiß , Jeremy Reizenstein

An outline of a proof of the local decomposition of linear metric perturbations into gauge-invariant and gauge-variant parts on an arbitrary background spacetime is briefly explained. We explicitly construct the gauge-invariant and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-16 Kouji Nakamura

New local gauge-invariant models of interacting fields with spins 3, 1 and 0 are found. The construction of the models is completely based on the new approach to the deformation problem proposed in our papers (Buchbinder and Lavrov in JHEP…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-30 P. M. Lavrov

In this paper, we study open-closed string field theory in the background B-field in the so-called alpha=p^{+} formulation. The string field theory in the infrared gives noncommutative gauge theory in the open string sector. Since this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Teruhiko Kawano , Tomohiko Takahashi

We study covariant open bosonic string field theory in lightcone gauge. When lightcone gauge is well-defined, we find two results. First, the vertices of the gauge-fixed action consist of Mandelstam diagrams with stubs covering specific…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-10 Theodore Erler

The strictly gauge invariant approach to the construction of the analog of guiding center integrals of motion in spatially homogeneous/inhomogeneous constant magnetic fields is considered. With their help the gauge invariant equations,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-01-30 E. L. Rumyantsev , A. V. Germanenko

In the AdS/CFT correspondence we consider correlation functions of gauge-invariant operators on the gauge theory side, which we obtain in the low-energy limit of the open string sector. To investigate this low-energy limit we consider the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-01 Daiki Koyama , Yuji Okawa , Nanami Suzuki

The procedure to find gauge invariant variables for two-parameter nonlinear perturbations in general relativity is considered. For each order metric perturbation, we define the variable which is defined by the appropriate combination with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Kouji Nakamura

The open string with one-dimensional target space is formulated in terms of an SOS, or loop gas, model on a random surface. We solve an integral equation for the loop amplitude with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions imposed on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-01 V. Kazakov , I. Kostov

We construct zero-curvature representations for the equations of motion of a class of sigma-models with complex homogeneous target spaces, not necessarily symmetric. We show that in the symmetric case the proposed flat connection is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-03 Dmitri Bykov

A consistent implementation of quantum gravity is expected to change the familiar notions of space, time and the propagation of matter in drastic ways. This will have consequences on very small scales, but also gives rise to correction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-08-26 Martin Bojowald , Golam Mortuza Hossain , Mikhail Kagan , S. Shankaranarayanan

The level-truncation analysis of open string field theory for a class of periodic marginal deformations indicates that a branch of solutions in Siegel gauge exists only for a finite range of values of the marginal field. The periodicity in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-01-31 Matej Kudrna , Toru Masuda , Yuji Okawa , Martin Schnabl , Kenichiro Yoshida

Many Ramond-Ramond backgrounds which arise in the AdS/CFT correspondence are described by integrable sigma-models. The equations of motion for classical spinning strings in these backgrounds are exactly solvable by finite-gap integration…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-17 K. Zarembo

A method is presented for the computation of the one-loop effective action at finite temperature and density. The method is based on an expansion in the number of spatial covariant derivatives. It applies to general background field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-08-15 C. García-Recio , L. L. Salcedo

We sketch the main steps of old covariant quantization of bosonic open strings in a constant $B$ field background. We comment on its space-time symmetries and the induced effective metric. The low-energy spectrum is evaluated and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Ansar Fayyazuddin , Maxim Zabzine

Open and Closed super-string field theories are constructed in an event-symmetric target space. The partition functions of Statistical and Quantum models are constructed in terms of invariants defined on Lie-algebra representations. An…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 P. E. Gibbs

We investigate identity-based solutions associated with marginal deformations in open string field theory. We find that the identity-based marginal solutions can be represented as a difference of wedge-based solutions plus an integration of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-05-07 Isao Kishimoto , Tomohiko Takahashi

We study gauge invariant operators of open string field theory and find a precise correspondence with on-shell closed strings. We provide a detailed proof of the gauge invariance of the operators and a heuristic interpretation of their…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 Akikazu Hashimoto , N. Itzhaki