Related papers: Gauge fixing in Causal Dynamical Triangulations
We study the Glauber dynamics on the set of tilings of a finite domain of the plane with lozenges of side 1/L. Under the invariant measure of the process (the uniform measure over all tilings), it is well known that the random height…
A generalised form of time-translation-invariance permits to re-derive the known generic phenomenology of ageing, which arises in classical many-body systems after a quench from an initially disordered system to a temperature $T\leq T_c$,…
We discuss global gauge fixing on the lattice, specifically to the lattice Landau gauge, with the goal of understanding the question of why the process becomes extremely slow for large lattices. We construct an artificial "gauge-fixing"…
We study the finite-size scaling behaviour at the critical point, resulting from the addition of a homogeneous size-dependent perturbation, decaying as an inverse power of the system size. The scaling theory is first formulated in a general…
We propose a generalization of the stochastic gauge fixing procedure for the stochastic quantization of gauge theories where not only the drift term of the stochastic process is changed but also the Wiener process itself. All gauge…
We consider Lagrangians in 3+1 dimensions admitting topological defects where there is an additional coupling between the defect scalar field $\Phi$ and the gauge field kinetic term (eg $B(\vert \Phi \vert^2) F_{\mu \nu}F^{\mu \nu}$). Such…
This paper considers how to classify the effects of interventions in causal models for outcomes and exposures observed over time. First, we demonstrate the limitations of the most common uses of potential outcomes and causal directed…
Gauging a symmetry can be thought of as the insertion of a spacetime-filling defect. Accordingly, we regard each gaugeable symmetry in a theory as defining a $-1$-form symmetry via condensation. The resulting operators, called gauge…
We analyze the scaling theory of two-dimensional metallic electron systems in the presence of critical bosonic fluctuations with small wave vectors, which are either due to a U(1) gauge field, or generated by an Ising nematic quantum…
We find a choice of variables for the 3+1 formulation of general relativity which casts the evolution equations into (flux-conservative) symmetric-hyperbolic first order form for arbitrary lapse and shift, for the first time. We redefine…
A fundamental challenge in causal inference with observational data is correct specification of a causal model. When there is model uncertainty, analysts may seek to use estimates from multiple candidate models that rely on distinct, and…
We consider a dynamical triangulation model of euclidean quantum gravity where the topology is not fixed. This model is equivalent to a tensor generalization of the matrix model of two dimensional quantum gravity. A set of moves is given…
Understanding the continuum limit of a theory of discrete random geometries is a beautiful but difficult challenge. In this optic, we review here the insights that can be obtained for Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) by employing the…
Quantum Gravity by Causal Dynamical Triangulation has over the last few years emerged as a serious contender for a nonperturbative description of the theory. It is a nonperturbative implementation of the sum-over-histories, which relies on…
For classical gravitational systems the lapse function and the shift vector are usually determined by imposing appropriate gauge fixing conditions and then demanding their preservation with respect to the dynamics generated by a canonical…
For causal graphs we propose a definition of proper time which for small scales is based on the concept of volume, while for large scales the usual definition of length is applied. The scale where the change from "volume" to "length" occurs…
The scaling properties of the inverse moments of Wigner delay times are investigated in finite one-dimensional (1D) random media with one channel attached to the boundary of the sample. We find that they follow a simple scaling law which is…
In this paper, it is shown why Lorentz Transformation implies the general case where observed events are not necessarily in the inertia frame of any observer but assumes a special scenario when determining the length contraction and time…
Unobserved confounding is one of the main challenges when estimating causal effects. We propose a causal reduction method that, given a causal model, replaces an arbitrary number of possibly high-dimensional latent confounders with a single…
We develop a complete Hamiltonian approach to the theory of perturbations around any spatially homogeneous spacetime. We employ the Dirac method for constrained systems which is well-suited to cosmological perturbations. We refine the…