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Kovtun, Son and Starinets proposed a bound on the shear viscosity of any fluid in terms of its entropy density. We argue that this bound is always saturated for gauge theories at large 't Hooft coupling, which admit holographically dual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-18 Alex Buchel , James T. Liu

The universal entropy bound of Bekenstein is considered, at any strength of the gravitational interaction. A proof of it is given, provided the considered general-relativistic spacetimes allow for a meaningful and inequivocal definition of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-18 Alessandro Pesci

In this perspective review, we present a concise yet multifaceted overview of the pivotal role played by the the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio across various physical contexts. After summarizing some of the main aspects of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-09 Marilù Chiofalo , Dario Grasso , Stefano Liberati , Massimo Mannarelli

The identification of a causal-connection scale motivates us to propose a new covariant bound on entropy within a generic space-like region. This "causal entropy bound", scaling as the square root of EV, and thus lying around the geometric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 R. Brustein , G. Veneziano

We show that the generalized second law of thermodynamics may shed much light on the mysterious Kovtun-Son-Starinets (KSS) bound on the ratio of viscosity to entropy density. In particular, we obtain the lower bound $\eta/s…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-12 Shahar Hod

The aim of the present dissertation is to analyze the meaning of the entropy bounds of the holographic sector once tested for statistical ensembles of particles, in order to deeper investigate the nature of these constraints and their…

General Physics · Physics 2014-11-04 Nicolo' Masi

The maximum entropy that can be stored in a bounded region of space is in dispute: it goes as volume, implies (non-gravitational) microphysics; it goes as the surface area, asserts the "holographic principle." Here I show how the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Ulvi Yurtsever

Starting from relativistic quantum field theories, Kovtun et al. (2005) have quite recently proposed a lower bound eta/s >= hbar /(4 pi kB), where eta is the shear viscosity and s the volume density of entropy for dense liquids. If their…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-02-15 G. G. N. Angilella , N. H. March , F. M. D. Pellegrino , R. Pucci

We show that the holographic entropy bound for gravitational systems and the Bekenstein entropy bound for nongravitational systems are holographically related. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we find that the Bekenstein bound on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-05-12 Edi Halyo

We introduce a new interpretation of chemical potential and show that holographic entropy is entropy bound, which is supported by two ideal cases discussed in detail. One is sparse but incompressible liquid like a star of uniform density…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 Wu Guang , Gu Wei

The holographic principle sets an upper bound on the total entropy content of the Universe. Within the limits of a Newtonian approximation, a quantum-mechanical model is presented to describe the cosmological fluid. Under the assumption…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-19 P. Fernandez de Cordoba , J. M. Isidro

A necessary condition for the validity of the holographic principle is the holographic bound: the entropy of a system is bounded from above by a quarter of the area of a circumscribing surface measured in Planck areas. This bound cannot be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Jacob D. Bekenstein

If we assume that the initial conditions for the universe were such that there was no volume-extensive entropy `at the beginning of time' (which is true in Linde's chaotic inflation), we can formulate a covariant holographic bound on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Michal Fabinger

The holographic bound asserts that the entropy $S$ of a system is bounded from above by a quarter of the area ${\cal A}$ of a circumscribing surface measured in Planck areas: $S\leq {\cal A}/4{\ell^2_P}$. This bound is widely regarded a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-04 Shahar Hod

The holographic entropy bound is discussed in cosmology. Inspired by the work of Fischler and Susskind [hep-th/9806039], we aim to define a special class of spherical systems in cosmology, within which the entropy of matter remains…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-15 Hao Yu , Zi-Chao Lin , Jin Li

A holographic dual of a finite-temperature SU(N_c) gauge theory with a small number of flavours N_f << N_c typically contains D-branes in a black hole background. By considering the backreaction of the branes, we demonstrate that, to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 David Mateos , Robert C. Myers , Rowan M. Thomson

The holographic principle in a radiation dominated universe, as discussed first by Verlinde (2000), is extended so as to incorporate the case of a bulk-viscous cosmic fluid. This corresponds to a non-conformally invariant theory.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Iver Brevik

A simple derivation of the bound on entropy is given and the holographic principle is discussed. We estimate the number of quantum states inside space region on the base of uncertainty relation. The result is compared with the Bekenstein…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 M. G. Ivanov , I. V. Volovich

The holographic bound that the entropy (log of number of quantum states) of a system is bounded from above by a quarter of the area of a circumscribing surface measured in Planck areas is widely regarded a desideratum of any fundamental…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jacob D. Bekenstein

We argue that the Kovtun--Son--Starinets (KSS) lower bound on the viscosity to entropy density ratio holds in fluid systems but is violated in solid materials with a non-zero shear elastic modulus. We construct explicit examples of this by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-13 Lasma Alberte , Matteo Baggioli , Oriol Pujolas
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