Related papers: The black hole final state
Unitarity demands that the black-hole final state (what remains inside the event horizon at complete evaporation) must be unique. Assuming a UV theory with infinitely many fields, we propose that the uniqueness of the final state can be…
Under the premises that physics is unitary and black hole evaporation is complete (no remnants, no topology change), there must exist a one-to-one correspondence between states on future null and timelike infinity and on any earlier…
A personal perspective on the black hole evaporation process is presented using as guidelines inputs from: (i) loop quantum gravity, (ii) simplified models where concrete results have been obtained, and, (iii) semi-classical quantum general…
The formation and evaporation of a black hole can be viewed as a scattering process in Quantum Gravity. Semiclassical arguments indicate that the process should be non-unitary, and that all the information of the original quantum state…
We prove a singularity theorem in semiclassical gravity without assuming global hyperbolicity or the null energy/curvature condition; the former is replaced by the weaker causality conditions of stable causality and past reflectivity, and…
Contradiction between Hawking's semi-classical arguments and string theory on the evaporation of black hole has been one of the most intriguing problems in fundamental physics. A final-state boundary condition inside the black hole was…
Horowitz and Maldacena have suggested that the unitarity of the black hole S-matrix can be reconciled with Hawking's semiclassical arguments if a final-state boundary condition is imposed at the spacelike singularity inside the black hole.…
The recent progress in string theory strongly suggests that formation and evaporation of black holes is a unitary process. This fact makes it imperative that we find a flaw in the semiclassical reasoning that implies a loss of information.…
It is common folklore that semiclassical arguments suggest that in black hole evaporation an initially pure state can become mixed. This is known as the \emph{information loss puzzle} (or {\it paradox}). Here we argue that, if taken at face…
Almheiri et al. have emphasized that otherwise reasonable beliefs about black hole evaporation are incompatible with the monogamy of quantum entanglement, a general property of quantum mechanics. We investigate the final-state projection…
It has been shown that the quantum state of the graviton field outside a black hole horizon carries information about the internal state of the hole. We explain how this allows unitary evaporation: the final radiation state is a complex…
This paper shows a way of how one may resolve the non-unitarity problem in black-hole physics without modifications of the basic principles of local quantum field theory.
It is shown that the internal stationary state of the Schwarzschild black hole can be represented by a maximally entangled two-mode squeezed state of collapsing matter and infalling Hawking radiation. The final boundary condition at the…
Many discussion about the black hole conundrums, such as singularity and information loss, suggested that there must be some essential irreconcilable conflict between quantum theory and classical gravity theory, which cannot be solved with…
We discuss the interior of a black hole in quantum gravity, in which black holes form and evaporate unitarily. The interior spacetime appears in the sense of complementarity because of special features revealed by the microscopic degrees of…
We show that absence of space-like boundaries in 1+1 dimensional dilaton gravity implies a catastrophic event at the end point of black hole evaporation. The proof is completely independent of the physics at Planck scales, which suggests…
An effective string theory in physically relevant cosmological and black hole space times is reviewed. Explicit computations of the quantum string entropy, partition function and quantum string emission by black holes (Schwarzschild,…
A theory of quantum gravity is expected to change profoundly our understanding of black holes. Quantum theory has already shown, as a first approximation, that a black hole slowly evaporates. Non-perturbative quantum gravity also predicts…
In this Chapter we would like to review a "~phenomenological~" approach taking into account the most fundamental feature of string theory or, more in general, of quantum gravity, whatever its origin, which is the existence of a minimal…
In this essay we argue that once quantum gravitational effects change the classical geometry of a black hole and remove the curvature singularity, the black hole would not evaporate entirely but approach a remnant. In a modified…