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Bohmian mechanics offers a deterministic alternative to conventional quantum theory through well-defined particle trajectories. While successful in nonrelativistic contexts, its extension to curved spacetime-and hence quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-13 Mohamed Hatifi

This paper proposes a method of unifying quantum mechanics and gravity based on quantum computation. In this theory, fundamental processes are described in terms of pairwise interactions between quantum degrees of freedom. The geometry of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-11 Seth Lloyd

The questions I have been asked during the 5th International School on Field Theory and Gravitation, have compelled me to give an account of the premises that I consider important for a beginner's approach to Loop Quantum Gravity. After a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Simone Mercuri

In these notes we explore a variety of models comprising a large number of constituents. An emphasis is placed on integrals over large Hermitian matrices, as well as quantum mechanical models whose degrees of freedom are organised in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-13 Dionysios Anninos , Beatrix Mühlmann

This is an introduction to the group field theory approach to quantum gravity, with emphasis on motivations and basic formalism, more than on recent results; we elaborate on the various ingredients, both conceptual and formal, of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-03-27 Daniele Oriti

The paper presents a metaphysical characterization of spatiotemporal backgrounds from a realist perspective. The conceptual analysis is based on a heuristic sketch that encompasses the common formal traits of the major spacetime theories,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-02-22 Antonio Vassallo

In general relativity (GR), spacetime geometry is no longer just a background arena but a physical and dynamical entity with its own degrees of freedom. We present an overview of approaches to quantum gravity in which this central feature…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-20 Abhay Ashtekar , Martin Reuter , Carlo Rovelli

Till now, the foundation of quantum physics is still mysterious. To explore the mysteries in the foundation of quantum physics, people always take it for granted that quantum processes must be some types of fields/objects on a rigid space.…

General Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Su-Peng Kou

We show that a class of topological field theories are quantum duals of the harmonic oscillator. This is demonstrated by establishing a correspondence between the creation and annihilation operators and non-local gauge invariant observables…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Viqar Husain

We propose an algebra of operators along an observer's worldline as a background-independent algebra in quantum gravity. In that context, it is natural to think of the Hartle-Hawking no boundary state as a universal state of maximum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-26 Edward Witten

Quantum gravity that describes the world beyond the Planck scale should be formulated in a background-metric independent manner. Such a background-free nature can be represented as a gauge equivalency under conformal transformations, called…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-01 Ken-ji Hamada

We point out a possible complementation of the basic equations of quantum mechanics in the presence of gravity. This complementation is suggested by the well-known fact that quantum mechanics can be equivalently formulated in the position…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-05-12 W. Chagas-Filho

In the last 20 years, loop quantum gravity, a background independent approach to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, has been widely investigated. The aim of loop quantum gravity is to construct a mathematically rigorous,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-06-25 Muxin Han

Emergent modified gravity has shown that the canonical formulation of general relativity gives rise to a larger class of covariant modifications than action-based approaches, so far in symmetry-reduced models. This outcome is made possible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-29 Martin Bojowald , Manuel Diaz , Erick I. Duque

The concept of a particle is ambiguous in quantum field theory. It is generally agreed that particles depend not only on spacetime, but also on coordinates used to parametrise spacetime points. One of us has in contrast proposed a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-07 V. A. Emelyanov , D. Robertz

We analyze the conceptual role of background independence in the application of the effective average action to quantum gravity. Insisting on a background independent renormalization group (RG) flow the coarse graining operation must be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-29 Martin Reuter , Holger Weyer

General covariance in quantum gravity is seen once one integrates over all possible metrics. In recent years topological field theories have given us a different route to general covariance without integrating over all possible metrics.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 Andrew Toon

A "quantum-first" approach to gravity is described, where rather than quantizing general relativity, one seeks to formulate the physics of gravity within a quantum-mechanical framework with suitably general postulates. Important guides are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-23 Steven B. Giddings

We present a generally covariant approach to quantum mechanics in which generalized positions, momenta and time variables are treated as coordinates on a fundamental "phase-spacetime." We show that this covariant starting point makes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-31 Gabriel Herczeg , Andrew Waldron

In the past decade the phenomenology of quantum gravity has been dominated by the search of violations of Lorentz invariance. However, there are very serious arguments that led us to assume that this invariance is a symmetry in Nature. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-07 Yuri Bonder