Related papers: Observable Algebra
Using elementary linear algebra, this paper clarifies and proves some concepts about a recently introduced octonion-like associative division algebra over R. This octonion-like algebra is actually the same as the split-biquaternion algebra,…
By considering generalized logarithm and exponential functions used in nonextensive statistics, the four usual algebraic operators : addition, subtraction, product and division, are generalized. The properties of the generalized operators…
In this paper we present eight-component values "octons", generating associative noncommutative algebra. It is shown that the electromagnetic field in a vacuum can be described by a generalized octonic equation, which leads both to the wave…
A geometric approach to formulate the uncertainty principle between quantum observables acting on an $N$-dimensional Hilbert space is proposed. We consider the fidelity between a density operator associated with a quantum system and a…
P-algebras are a non-commutative, non-associative generalization of Boolean algebras that are for quantum logic what Boolean algebras are for classical logic. P-algebras have type <X, 0, ', .> where 0 is a constant, ' is unary and . is…
In this paper, we present some applications of quaternions and octonions. We present the real matrix representations for complex octonions and some of their properties which can be used in computations where these elements are involved.…
We develop a noncompact version of the Hopf maps based on the split algebras. The split algebras consist of three species: split-complex numbers, split quaternions, and split octonions. They correspond to three noncompact Hopf maps that…
In this note one tries to venture into a study of some notions, in the context of a (unital) normed algebra, in particular the algebra of operators on a Hilbert space. Namely, one considers ``moving norms'', i.e.\ norming an element minus a…
The phenomenologically observed flatness - or near flatness - of spacetime cannot be understood as emerging from continuum Planck (or sub-Planck) scales using known physics. Using dimensional arguments it is demonstrated that any…
Modern astronomical observations in cosmology provide increasingly strong evidence that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. Explanations of the cosmic acceleration within the framework of general relativity use the hypothesis…
The presentation of the algebra of classical observables of the closed bosonic Nambu-Goto-String in 3+1 dimensions is given for the massless case $P^2=0,P\neq0$ in the relevant standard frame up to and including the second stratum. The…
A four-vector field in flat space-time, satisfying a gauge-invariant set of second-order differential equations, is considered as a unified field. The model variational principle corresponds to the general covariance idea and gives rise to…
Nuclear observables such as binding energies and cross sections can be directly measured. Other physically useful quantities, such as spectroscopic factors, are related to measured quantities by a convolution whose decomposition is not…
A physical theory of the world is presented under the unifying principle that all of nature is laid out before us and experienced through the passage of time. The one-dimensional progression in time is opened out into a multi-dimensional…
By consireding representation theory for non-associative algebras we construct the fundamental and adjoint representations of the octonion algebra. We then show how these representations by associative matrices allow a consistent octonionic…
We characterize the canonical algebras such that for all dimension vectors of homogeneous modules the corresponding module varieties are complete intersections (respectively, normal). We also investigate the sets of common zeros of…
Various problems of mathematical physics consider octonions and split-octonions as a mathematical structure, which underpins the eight-dimensional nature of these problems. Therefore, it is not surprising that octonionic analysis has become…
We present a Veronese formulation of the octonionic and split-octonionic projective and hyperbolic planes. This formulation of the incidence planes highlights the relationship between the Veronese vectors and the rank-1 elements of the…
Is change missing in Hamiltonian Einstein-Maxwell theory? Given the most common definition of observables (having weakly vanishing Poisson bracket with each first-class constraint), observables are constants of the motion and nonlocal.…
Geometric algebra is an optimal frame work for calculating with vectors. The geometric algebra of a space includes elements that represent all the its subspaces (lines, planes, volumes, ...). Conformal geometric algebra expands this…