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At the primary level of reality as described by quantum field theory, a fundamental particle like an electron represents a stable, discrete, propagating excited state of its underlying quantum field. QFT also tells us that the lowest vacuum…

General Physics · Physics 2014-04-03 Mani Bhaumik

In classical theory, the physical systems are elucidated through the concepts of particles and waves, which aim to describe the reality of the physical system with certainty. In this framework, particles are mathematically represented by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Mohammad Vahid Takook , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

A unified conceptual foundation of classical and quantum physics is given, free of undefined terms. Ensembles are defined by extending the `probability via expectation' approach of Whittle to noncommuting quantities. This approach carries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arnold Neumaier

The quantum dimensions of modules for vertex operator algebras are defined and their properties are discussed. The possible values of the quantum dimensions are obtained for rational vertex operator algebras. A criterion for simple currents…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2012-01-16 Chongying Dong , Xiangyu Jiao , Feng Xu

Based on a number of experimentally verified physical observations, it is argued that the standard principles of quantum mechanics should be applied to the Universe as a whole. Thus, a paradigm is proposed in which the entire Universe is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. S. Eakins

Gott spacetime has closed timelike curves, but no locally anomalous stress-energy. A complete orthonormal set of eigenfunctions of the wave operator is found in the special case of a spacetime in which the total deficit angle is $2\pi$. A…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 David G. Boulware

A geometric framework for describing quantum particles on a possibly curved background is proposed. Natural constructions on certain distributional bundles (`quantum bundles') over the spacetime manifold yield a quantum ``formalism'' along…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Canarutto

Quantum fields are considered as generators of infinite-dimensional Clifford algebra $Cl(\infty)$, which can be either orthogonal (in case of fermions) or symplectic (in case of bosons). A generic quantum state can be expressed as a…

General Physics · Physics 2022-08-31 Matej Pavšič

Orthofermi statistics is characterized by an exclusion principle which is more ``exclusive'' than Pauli's exclusion principle: an orbital state shall not contain more than one particle, no matter what the spin direction is. The wavefunction…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. K. Mishra , G. Rajasekaran

Both statistics and quantum theory deal with prediction using probability. We will show that there can be established a connection between these two areas. This will at the same time suggest a new, less formalistic way of looking upon basic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Inge S. Helland

Numerical studies of lattice quantum field theories are conducted in finite spatial volumes, typically with cubic symmetry in the spatial coordinates. Motivated by these studies, this work presents a general algorithm to construct…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-03-04 William Detmold , William I. Jay , Gurtej Kanwar , Phiala E. Shanahan , Michael L. Wagman

Despite its name, Quantum Field Theory (QFT) has been built to describe interactions between localizable particles. For this reason the actual formalism of QFT is partly based on a suitable generalization of the one already used for systems…

General Physics · Physics 2009-07-02 Eliano Pessa

We present a general formalism with the aim of describing the situation of an entity, how it is, how it reacts to experiments, how we can make statistics with it, and how it changes under the influence of the rest of the universe. Therefore…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Diederik Aerts

The existence of indistinguishable quantum particles provides an explanation for various physical phenomena we observe in nature. We lay out a path for the study of indistinguishable particles in general probabilistic theories (GPTs) via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 John H. Selby , Victoria J. Wright , Máté Farkas , Marcin Karczewski , Ana Belén Sainz

Algebraic quantum field theory provides a general, mathematically precise description of the structure of quantum field theories, and then draws out consequences of this structure by means of various mathematical tools -- the theory of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hans Halvorson , Michael Mueger

We introduce a special class of bimetric theories of quantized fields with preserved classical energy conditions. More precisely, we describe the missing anti-particles in our visible universe as being trapped in a spacetime patch with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-11 M. W. AlMasri

Quantum field theory in the $4$-dimensional de Sitter space-time is constructed in the ambient space formalism in a rigorous mathematical framework. This work is based on the group representation theory and the analyticity of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-21 Mohammad Vahid Takook

We study Galois actions on $2+1$D topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), characterizing their interplay with theory factorization, gauging, the structure of gapped boundaries and dualities, 0-form symmetries, 1-form symmetries, and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Matthew Buican , Rajath Radhakrishnan

The concept of a particle is ambiguous in quantum field theory. It is generally agreed that particles depend not only on spacetime, but also on coordinates used to parametrise spacetime points. One of us has in contrast proposed a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-07 V. A. Emelyanov , D. Robertz

In the preprint we present an outline of the one dimensional version of topological Galois theory. The theory studies topological obstruction to solvability of equations "in finite terms" (i.e. to their solvabilty by radicals, by elementary…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-04-09 Askold Khovanskii