Related papers: Gauge invariant formulation of systems with second…
The projector onto gauge invariant physical states was recently constructed for arbitrary constrained systems. This approach, which does not require gauge fixing nor any additional degrees of freedom beyond the original ones---two…
In this paper the problem of the gauge in a bound state calculation is discussed. In particular, in order to verify the gauge invariance in the energy levels expansion, some set of gauge invariant contributions are given.
Gauge invariant treatments of the second order cosmological perturbation in a four dimensional homogeneous isotropic universe filled with the perfect fluid are completely formulated without any gauge fixing. We derive all components of the…
We propose a method of quantization based on Hamilton-Jacobi theory in the presence of a random constraint due to the fluctuations of a set of hidden random variables. Given a Lagrangian, it reproduces the results of canonical quantization…
We develop an approximate second quantization method for describing the many-particle systems in the presence of bound states of particles at low energies (the kinetic energy of particles is small in comparison to the binding energy of…
The dynamical systems invariant under gauge transformations with higher order time derivatives of the gauge parameter are considered from the Hamiltonian point of view. We investigate the consequences of the basic requirements that the…
The problem of constructing gauge invariant currents in terms of light-cone bound-state wave functions is solved by utilising the gauging of equations method. In particular, it is shown how to construct perturbative expansions of the…
Systems with constraints pose problems when they are quantized. Moreover, the Dirac procedure of quantization prior to reduction is preferred. The projection operator method of quantization, which can be most conveniently described by…
Accounting for all the relativistic effects, we have developed the fully nonlinear gauge-invariant formalism for describing the cosmological observables and presented the second-order perturbative expressions associated with light…
A practical method is developed to deal with the second quantization of the many-body system containing the composite particles. In our treatment, the modes associated with composite particles are regarded approximately as independent ones…
We apply the supplementation trick [26] to the Green-Schwarz superstring. For type IIB theory both first and second class constraints are covariantly separated and then arranged into irreducible sets in the initial formulation. For N=1…
The constraint operators belonging to a generally covariant system are found out within the framework of the BRST formalism. The result embraces quadratic Hamiltonian constraints whose potential can be factorized as a never null function…
We provide a simultaneous derivation of the Dirac bracket and of the equations of motion for second-class constrained systems when the constraints are time-dependent. The necessity of time-dependent gauge-fixing conditions is shown in the…
We first generalise the standard Wigner function to Dirac fermions in curved spacetimes. Secondly, we turn to the Moyal quantisation of systems with constraints. Gravity is used as an example.
We present a covariant and gauge invariant formalism suited to the study of second-order effects associated with higher order tensor perturbations. The analytical method we have developed enables us to characterize pure second-order tensor…
As in the case of the other gauge field theories, there is so called ``gauge'' also in general relativity. This ``gauge'' is unphysical degree of freedom. There are two kinds of ``gauges'' in general relativity. These are called the first-…
We introduce a formulation of gauge theory on noncommutative spaces based on the concept of covariant coordinates. Some important examples are discussed in detail. A Seiberg-Witten map is established in all cases.
We propose a systematic procedure that solves the Dirac bracket commutators. The method is based on the Gauge Unfixing formalism, a procedure that converts second class systems into first class ones without the enlargement of the original…
A geometrical approach to the covariant formulation of the dynamics of relativistic systems is introduced. A realization of Peierls brackets by means of a bivector field over the space of solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations of a…
Gravitational self-force theory is the primary way of modelling extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs). One difficulty that appears in second-order self-force calculations is the strong divergence at the worldline of the small object, which…