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In this paper we discuss the unitary inequivalentness in quantum physics. Then based on some of the current outstanding problems in theoretical physics, we will show the important role of this concept to better understand the physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-07 Arman Stepanian , Mahsa Kohandel

An asymmetry exists between time and space in the sense that physical systems inevitably evolve over time whereas there is no corresponding ubiquitous translation over space. The asymmetry, which is presumed to be elemental, is represented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-25 Joan A. Vaccaro

We reconsider perturbative unitarity in quantum field theory and upgrade several arguments and results. The minimum assumptions that lead to the largest time equation, the cutting equations and the unitarity equation are identified. Using…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-27 Damiano Anselmi

Quantum matter in quantum space-time is discussed using general properties of energy-conservation laws. As a rather radical conclusion, it is found that standard methods of differential geometry and quantum field theory on curved space-time…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-13 Martin Bojowald , Golam Mortuza Hossain , Mikhail Kagan , Casey Tomlin

Quantum field theories based on interactions which contain the Moyal star product suffer, in the general case when time does not commute with space, from several diseases: quantum equation of motions contain unusual terms, conserved…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-13 Paul Heslop , Klaus Sibold

We propose an alternative interpretation for the meaning of noncommutativity of the string-inspired field theories and quantum mechanics. Arguments are presented to show that the noncommutativity generated in the stringy context should be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 G. Dourado Barbosa

We investigate the question of unitarity of evolution between hypersurfaces in quantum field theory in curved spacetime from the perspective of the general boundary formulation. Unitarity thus means unitarity of the quantum operator that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-25 Daniele Colosi , Robert Oeckl

The aim of these notes is to elucidate some aspects of quantum field theory in curved spacetime, especially those relating to the notion of particles. A selection of issues relevant to wave-particle duality is given. The case of a generic…

General Physics · Physics 2008-03-13 Vladimir Mashkevich

Spacetime must be foliable by spacelike surfaces for the quantum mechanics of matter fields to be formulated in terms of a unitarily evolving state vector defined on spacelike surfaces. When a spacetime cannot be foliated by spacelike…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 James B. Hartle

A quantum scalar field theory with spacetime-dependent coupling is studied. Surprisingly, while translation invariance is explicitly broken in the classical theory, momentum conservation is recovered at the quantum level for some specific…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-01-29 Gianluca Calcagni , Giuseppe Nardelli

In this paper, we study implications of the geometrical nature of space- time for some of the basic tenets of quantum mechanics. That is, we study two different implications of the principle of general covariance; first we quantize a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-16 Johan Noldus

We study the perturbative unitarity of non-commutative quantum Yang-Mills theories, extending previous investigations on scalar field theories to the gauge case where non-locality mingles with the presence of unphysical states. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 A. Bassetto , L. Griguolo , G. Nardelli , F. Vian

It is known that quantum field theories in curved spacetime suffer from a number of pathologies, including the inability to relate states on different spatial slices by proper unitary time-evolution operators. In this article, we illustrate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-19 William T. Emond , Christian Käding , Peter Millington

The aim of this work is to review the concepts of time in quantum mechanics and general relativity to show their incompatibility. We show that the absolute character of Newtonian time is present in quantum mechanics and also partially in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Alfredo Macias , Hernando Quevedo

The complete proof of cutting rules needed for proving perturbative unitarity of quantum field theories usually employs the largest time equation or old fashioned perturbation theory. None of these can be generalized to string field theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-12-05 Roji Pius , Ashoke Sen

We argue that a field theory defined on noncommutative (NC) spacetime should be regarded as a theory of gravity, which we refer to as the emergent gravity. A whole point of the emergent gravity is essentially originated from the basic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-13 Hyun Seok Yang

It is generally assumed that quantum field theory (QFT) is gauge invariant. However it is well known that non-gauge invariant terms appear in various calculations. This problem was examined in Refs. [3] and [4] and it was shown that at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-12 Dan Solomon

We argue that the conventional quantum field theory in curved spacetime has a grave drawback: The canonical commutation relations for quantum fields and conjugate momenta do not hold. Thus the conventional theory should be denounced and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Vladimir S. Mashkevich

In classical physics the energy density of a field, such as the electromagnetic field, is always positive. However, in quantum field theory it has been shown that the energy density can be negative. There are restrictions, called the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-10 Dan Solomon

We propose a novel solution to the measurement problem based on quantum field theory and Haag's theorem. According to our proposal in elementary interactions where the particles content is changed, the temporal evolution is non unitary.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Avi Levy , Meir Hemmo