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In order to resolve the measurement problem of Quantum Mechanics, non-unitary time evolution has been derived from the unitarity of standard quantum formalism. New wave functions of free and non-free quantum systems follow from Schroedinger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pradip Kumar Chatterjee

In this second part of the `essay on the completion of quantum theory' we define the {\em unitary setting of completed quantum mechanics}, by adding as intrinsic data to those from Part I (arXiv:1711.08643) the choice of a north pole N and…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-07-13 Wolfgang Bertram

In classical external gauge fields that fall off less fast than the inverse of the evolution parameter (time) of the system the implementability of a unitary perturbative scattering operator ($S$-matrix) is not guaranteed, although the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Dennis D. Dietrich

Quantum process tomography provides a means of measuring the evolution operator for a system at a fixed measurement time $t$. The problem of using that tomographic snapshot to predict the evolution operator at other times is generally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-05 Jason M. Dominy , Lorenzo Campos Venuti , Alireza Shabani , Daniel A. Lidar

We present a nonperturbative, first-principles numerical approach for time-dependent problems in the framework of quantum field theory. In this approach the time evolution of quantum field systems is treated in real time and at the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-11-14 Xingbo Zhao , Anton Ilderton , Pieter Maris , James P. Vary

Three postulates are discussed: first that well-defined properties cannot be assigned to an isolated system, secondly that quantum unitary evolution is atemporal, and thirdly that some physical processes are never reversed. It is argued…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andrew M. Steane

It is known that quantum field theories in curved spacetime suffer from a number of pathologies, including the inability to relate states on different spatial slices by proper unitary time-evolution operators. In this article, we illustrate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-19 William T. Emond , Christian Käding , Peter Millington

The time evolution operator (Schr\"odinger functional) of quantum field theory can be expressed in terms of first quantised particles moving on the orbifold $S^1/Z_2$. We give a graphical derivation of this that generalises to second…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Anton Ilderton , Paul Mansfield

The nature of time in quantum mechanics is closely related to the use of a complex, rather than say real, Hilbert space. This becomes particularly clear when considering quantum field theory in time dependent backgrounds, such as in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-11-03 G. W. Gibbons

In the context of Effective Field Theory, the Hilbert space of states increases in an expanding universe. Hence, the time evolution cannot be unitary. The formation of structure is usually studied using effective field theory techniques. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-28 Robert Brandenberger , Vahid Kamali

The time-evolution operator corresponding to the fractional-time Schr\"odinger equation is nonunitary because it fails to preserve the norm of the vector state in the course of its evolution. However, in the context of the time-dependent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-05 Danilo Cius

Using the fact that any linear representation of a group can be embedded into permutations, we propose a constructive description of quantum behavior that provides, in particular, a natural explanation of the appearance of complex numbers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-24 Vladimir V. Kornyak

We consider the evolution of quantum fields on a classical background space-time, formulated in the language of differential geometry. Time evolution along the worldlines of observers is described by parallel transport operators in an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Graudenz

It is shown, that quantum theory with complex evolutionary time parameter and non-Hermitian Hamiltonian structure can be used for natural unification of quantum and thermodynamic principles. The theory is postulated as analytical in respect…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Vadim V. Asadov , Oleg V. Kechkin

This paper examines whether unitary evolution alone is sufficient to explain emergence of the classical world from the perspective of computability theory. Specifically, it looks at the problem of how the choice related to the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-27 Subhash Kak

The underlying mechanism in the implementation of unitary operation on a system with an external apparatus is studied. We implement the unitary time evolution in the system as a physical phenomenon that results from the interaction between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-17 Hiroyasu Tajima , Naoto Shiraishi , Keiji Saito

In this paper, we study implications of the geometrical nature of space- time for some of the basic tenets of quantum mechanics. That is, we study two different implications of the principle of general covariance; first we quantize a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-16 Johan Noldus

We consider a toy model of the interaction of a qubit with an exotic space-time containing a time-like curve. Consistency seems to require that the global evolution of the qubit be non-unitary. Given that quantum mechanics is globally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. C. Ralph

We provide a new perspective on non-Hermitian evolution in quantum mechanics by emphasizing the same method as in the Hermitian quantum evolution. We first give a precise description of the non unitary evolution, and collecting the basic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-21 Mustapha Maamache

The ``time-evolution operator'' in mechanics is a powerful tool which can be geometrically defined as a vector field along the Legendre map. It has been extensively used by several authors for studying the structure and properties of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-12-15 A. Echeverría-Enríquez , J. Marín-Solano , M. C. Muñoz-Lecanda , N. Román-Roy