Related papers: Resonant Production of Topological Defects
Topological defects are produced during phase transitions in the very early Universe. They arise in most unified theories of strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions. These lectures focus on the role of topological defects in…
Defects in superfluid 3He, high-Tc superconductors, QCD colour superfluids and cosmic vortons can possess (anti)ferromagnetic cores, and their generalisations. In each case there is a second order parameter whose value is zero in the bulk…
It is tempting to inflate along one of the many flat directions that arise in supersymmetric theories. The required flatness of the potential to obtain sufficient inflation and to not overproduce density fluctuations occurs naturally.…
Vortex lattices in rapidly rotating Bose--Einstein condensates are systems of topological excitations that arrange themselves into periodic patterns. Here we show how phase-imprinting techniques can be used to create a controllable number…
Vortices are readily produced by hydrodynamical instabilities, such as the Rossby wave instability, in protoplanetary disks. However, large-scale asymmetries indicative of dust-trapping vortices are uncommon in sub-millimeter continuum…
The factors affecting vortex growth in convectively stable protoplanetary disks are explored using numerical simulations of a two-dimensional anelastic-gas model which includes baroclinic vorticity production and radiative cooling. The…
Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we test the hypothesis that the density of corresponding topological defects has an universal value at the temperature of a continuous phase transition. We consider several simple two-dimensional…
Topological photonics sheds light on some of the surprising phenomena seen in condensed matter physics that arise with the appearance of topological invariants. Optical waveguides provide a well-controlled platform to investigate effects…
The onset of convection in a rapidly rotating layer in which a thermal wind is present is studied. Diffusive effects are included. The main motivation is from convection in planetary interiors, where thermal winds are expected due to…
Vortex states in high-$T_{\rm c}$ superconductors with point defects are studied by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional frustrated XY model. A critical point is observed on the first-order phase boundary between the…
Many models of supersymmetry breaking, in the context of either supergravity or superstring theories, predict the presence of particles with weak scale masses and Planck-suppressed couplings. Typical examples are the scalar moduli and the…
The present work discusses about a possible physical interpretation of the occurrence of turbulence in a dynamic fluid with mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Here turbulence is defined to be a phenomenon of random velocity…
The dynamics of quantized vortices in rotating $^3$He-B is investigated in the low density (single-vortex) regime as a function of temperature. An abrupt transition is observed at $0.5 T_{\rm c}$. Above this temperature the number of vortex…
A new theory of thermal history after inflation is outlined by taking into account the effect of parametric resonance caused by inflaton oscillation. A typical outcome is existence of a high temperature phase, that makes possible GUT…
Within the simplest holographic superfluid model and without any ingredients put by hand, it is shown that vortices can be generated when the angular velocity of rotating superfluids exceeds certain critical values, which can be precisely…
Disorder induced melting, where the increase in positional entropy created by random pinning sites drives the order-disorder transition in a periodic solid, provides an alternate route to the more conventional thermal melting. Here, using…
A phenomenological model is proposed for melting of a vortex lattice, based on screening of the elastic shear modulus by mobile or partially pinned dislocations. A first-order softening line is found and ends at a critical point beyond…
The preheating after the inflation, which can be interpreted as particle creation in the oscillating inflaton background, provides a state far from thermal equilibrium. We extend the field theoretical treatment of the preheating by Linde et…
Recent high energy CERN LHC experiments on transverse momenta distributions of produced particles seem to show the existence of some (small but persistent) log-periodic oscillation in the ratios $R = \sigma_{data}\left(…
Thermal fluctuations and disorder play an essential role in high-T$_c$ superconductors. After reviewing the mean-field phase diagram we describe significant modifications that result when the effects of finite temperature and disorder are…