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We present the results that form the basis for calculations of the unpolarized gluon parton distributions (PDFs) using the pseudo-PDF approach. We give the results for the most complicated box diagram both for gluon bilocal operators with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-01-19 Ian Balitsky , Wayne Morris , Anatoly Radyushkin

Recent studies have shown that two widely-used mechanisms for single-transverse-spin asymmetries based on either twist-three contributions or on transverse-momentum-dependent (Sivers) parton distributions become identical in a kinematical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Yuji Koike , Werner Vogelsang , Feng Yuan

Scalar field theories with quartic interactions are of central interest in the study of second-order phase transitions. For three-dimensional theories, numerous studies make use of the fixed-dimensional perturbative computation of [B.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-14 Giacomo Sberveglieri , Gabriele Spada

In the context of applying the Lorentz group theory to polarization optics in the frames of Stokes-Mueller formalism, some properties of the Lorentz group are investigated. We start with the factorized form of arbitrary Lorentz matrix as a…

Optics · Physics 2012-11-27 E. M. Ovsiyuk , O. V. Veko , M. Neagu , V. Balan , V. M. Red'kov

We present exploratory analyses of the 3D gluon content of the proton via a study of unpolarized and polarized gluon TMDs at twist-2, calculated in a spectator model for the parent nucleon. Our approach embodies a flexible parametrization…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-12 Alessandro Bacchetta , Francesco Giovanni Celiberto , Marco Radici , Pieter Taels

We develop an operator approach to the evaluation of multiple integrals for multiloop Feynman massless diagrams. A commutative family of graph building operators $H_\alpha$ for ladder diagrams is constructed and investigated. The complete…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-28 S. E. Derkachov , A. P. Isaev , L. A. Shumilov

Quarks and gluon, as quantum particles, are subjects to various effects that go beyond the naive parton picture and are not captured by ordinary parton densities. In this work, we investigate the twist-three parton distribution functions,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-11-07 Alexey Vladimirov , Guillermo Portela , Simone Rodini

New universal invariant operators are introduced in a class of geometries which include the quaternionic structures and their generalisations as well as 4-dimensional conformal (spin) geometries. It is shown that, in a broad sense, all…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-10-31 A. R. Gover , J. Slovak

We present a model calculation of the T-odd transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon fragmentation functions for a spin-1/2 hadron. Our model is based on the postulation that a time-like off-shell gluon can fragment into a hadron and a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-21 Xiupeng Xie , Zhun Lu

A prescription is presented to construct manifestly gauge invariant tree-level scattering amplitudes with one or two off-shell initial-state gluons for processes with arbitrary particles in the final state, which allows for calculations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-07-09 A. van Hameren

We study transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon distributions and factorization theorems for the gluon-initiated semi-inclusive processes at hadron colliders. Gauge-invariant TMD gluon distributions are defined, and their relations to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Xiangdong Ji , Jian-Ping Ma , Feng Yuan

We discuss the role of gluon poles and the gauge invariance for the hadron tensors of Drell-Yan and direct photon production processes with the transversely polarized hadron.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-04-20 I. V. Anikin , O. V. Teryaev

We show that the gauge-invariant transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) quark distribution function can be expressed as a sum of all higher-twist collinear parton matrix elements in terms of a transport operator. From such a general…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Zuo-tang Liang , Xin-Nian Wang , Jian Zhou

The low $x$ limit of deep inelastic electron proton scattering is considered using methods of perturbative QCD. In the first part we investigate the phenomenological consequences of the resummation of leading logarithms in $1/x$ given by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Lotter

We review the theoretical foundations of the quantum statistical approach to parton distributions and we show that by using some recent experimental results from Deep Inelastic Scattering, we are able to improve the description of the data…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-23 Jacques Soffer , Claude Bourrely , Franco Buccella

We study the contribution of the twist-3 fragmentation function to the single transverse-spin asymmetry in SIDIS within the framework of the collinear factorization. Using the Ward-Takahashi identity in QCD, we establish the collinear…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-07-02 Koichi Kanazawa , Yuji Koike

We study transverse-momentum-dependent factorization at twist-3 for Drell-Yan processes. The factorization can be derived straightforwardly at leading order of $\alpha_s$. But at this order we find that light-cone singularities already…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-04-11 A. P. Chen , J. P. Ma

Higher twist corrections to the structure function F_2 at small x are studied for the case of a flat initial condition for the twist-two QCD evolution in the next-to-leading order approximation. We present an analytical parameterization of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Alexei Yu. Illarionov , Anatoly V. Kotikov , Gonzalo Parente

We apply the analytic conformal bootstrap method to study weakly coupled conformal gauge theories in four dimensions. We employ twist conformal blocks to find the most general form of the one-loop four-point correlation function of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-04 Johan Henriksson , Tomasz Lukowski

This paper is concerned with the inverse elastic scattering problem to determine the shape and location of an elastic cavity. By establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the Herglotz wave function and its kernel, we introduce the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Shuxin Li , Junliang Lv , Yi Wang