Related papers: Observability and Probability of Discovery in Futu…
We describe a statistical hypothesis test for the presence of a signal. The test allows the researcher to fix the signal location and/or width a priori, or perform a search to find the signal region that maximizes the signal. The background…
We propose a new test statistic based on a score process for determining the statistical significance of a putative signal that may be a small perturbation to a noisy experimental background. We derive the reference distribution for this…
We summarize the experimental and theoretical results presented in the "Physics at the Highest Q^2 and p^2_t" working group at the DIS 2000 Workshop. High Q^2 and p^2_t processes measured at current and future colliders allow to improve our…
In this follow-up work to the High Energy Physics Community Summer Study 2013 (HEP CSS 2013, a.k.a. Snowmass), we explore the scientific capabilities of a future Stage-IV Cosmic Microwave Background polarization experiment (CMB-S4) under…
The experimental issue of the search for new particles of unknown mass poses the challenge of exploring a wide interval to look for the usual signatures represented by excess of events above the background. A side effect of such a broad…
Background properties in experimental particle physics are typically estimated using large data sets. However, different events can exhibit different features because of the quantum mechanical nature of the underlying physics processes.…
The Standard Model of Particle Physics has been verified to unprecedented precision in the last few decades. However there are still phenomena in nature which cannot be explained, and as such new theories will be required. Since terrestrial…
In the companion paper it was shown that there are six observables in $gg\to t \bar t \to (b \bar b c) (\bar b \ell \bar \nu)$ that can be used to reveal the presence of new physics (NP) in $t \to b \bar b c$. In the present paper we…
The standard in the high energy physics community for claiming discovery of new physics is a $5\sigma$ excess in the observed signal over the estimated background. While a $3\sigma$ excess is not enough to claim discovery, it is certainly…
We outline a systematic strategy which should help in this decade to identify New Physics beyond the Standard Model by means of quark flavour violating processes and thereby to extend the picture of short distance physics down to the scales…
Background channels with their expected strength and uncertainty levels are usually known in searches of novel phenomena prior to the experiments are conducted at their design stage. We quantitatively study the projected sensitivities in…
Bayesian, classical, and extended maximum likelihood approaches to estimation of upper limits in experiments with small numbers of signal events are surveyed. The discussion covers only experiments whose outcomes are well described by a…
We discuss in detail different future long baseline neutrino oscillation setups and we show the remarkable potential for very precise measurements of mass splittings and mixing angles. Furthermore it will be possible to make precise tests…
We consider a conception of reality that is the following: An object is 'real' if we know that if we would try to test whether this object is present, this test would give us the answer 'yes' with certainty. If we consider a conception of…
How should social scientists understand and communicate the uncertainty of statistically estimated causal effects? I propose we utilize the posterior distribution of a causal effect and present the probability of the effect being greater…
This is a brief pedagogic introduction to searches for new physics with top quarks. It covers indirect searches for heavy new particles based on standard model effective theory and direct searches for new signatures of a light hidden…
Significant effort has been devoted to searching for new fundamental forces of nature. At short length scales (below approximately 10 nm), the strongest experimental constraints come from neutron scattering from individual nuclei in gases.…
Recent discoveries in the field of neutrino oscillations have provided a unique window into physics beyond the standard model. In this lecture, I summarize how well we understand the various observations, what they tell us about the nature…
This paper describes a strategy for a general search used by the ATLAS Collaboration to find potential indications of new physics. Events are classified according to their final state into many event classes. For each event class an…
Measuring the unknown neutrino oscillation parameters is one of the main aims in neutrino physics today. The measurement of these parameters is severely affected by the presence of degeneracies in the parameter space. Various neutrino…