Related papers: Further Study On U(1) Gauge Invariance Restoration
The problem of constructing gauge invariant currents in terms of light-cone bound-state wave functions is solved by utilising the gauging of equations method. In particular, it is shown how to construct perturbative expansions of the…
We report a new measurement of the $e^+e^-\to\Upsilon(nS)\pi^+\pi^-$ ($n=1,2,3$) cross sections at energies from 10.52 to 11.02 GeV using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. We observe a…
Accurate predictions of the properties of transition metal oxides using density functional theory (DFT) calculations are essential for the computational design of energy materials. In this work, we investigate the anomalous reversal of the…
The first order form of a Maxwell theory and U(1) gauge theory in which a gauge invariant mass term appears is analyzed using the Dirac procedure. The form of the gauge transformation which leaves the action invariant is derived from the…
Unidirectional invisibility of a PT-symmetric optical system is of great interest, but challenging as well since it is infeasible to fulfill it through wide optical frequency ranges in all angular directions. Accordingly we study…
Phenomena in gauge theory are often described in the physics literature via a specific choice of gauge. In foundational and philosophical discussions this is often criticized as introducing gauge dependence, and contrasted against (often…
We develop a gauge invariant canonical perturbation scheme for perturbations around symmetry reduced sectors in generally covariant theories, such as general relativity. The central objects of investigation are gauge invariant observables…
The main contributions of this paper are the proposition and the convergence analysis of a class of inertial projection-type algorithm for solving variational inequality problems in real Hilbert spaces where the underline operator is…
We present a theoretical framework for a class of generalized $U(1)$ gauge effective field theories. These theories are defined by specifying geometric patterns of charge configurations that can be created by local operators, which then…
In this paper we demonstrate the use of B\'{e}zier projection to alleviate locking phenomena in structural mechanics applications of isogeometric analysis. Interpreting the well-known $\bar{B}$ projection in two different ways we develop…
We show how to make O(a) corrections in the bare parameters of 3-D lattice SU(2) times U(1) Higgs theory which remove O(a) errors in the match between the infrared behavior and the infrared behavior of the continuum theory. The corrections…
Comparing and recognizing metrics can be extraordinarily difficult because of the group of diffeomorphisms. Two metrics, that could even be the same, could look completely different in different coordinates. This is the gauge problem. The…
We construct a pseudo-Lagrangian that is invariant under rigid $E_{11}$ and transforms as a density under $E_{11}$ generalised diffeomorphisms. The gauge-invariance requires the use of a section condition studied in previous work on…
We present an efficient second-order finite difference scheme for solving the 2D sine-Gordon equation, which can inherit the discrete energy conservation for the undamped model theoretically. Due to the semi-implicit treatment for the…
Simulations of lattice gauge theories on noisy quantum hardware inherently suffer from violations of the gauge symmetry due to coherent and incoherent errors of the underlying physical system that implements the simulation. These gauge…
Vacuum structure and related phenomenological features are investigated in $\mu$-problem solvable supersymmetric extra U(1) models. We present a framework for the analysis of their vacuum structure taking account of an abelian gauge kinetic…
A method is presented for the computation of the one-loop effective action at finite temperature and density. The method is based on an expansion in the number of spatial covariant derivatives. It applies to general background field…
We introduce multi-scale energy models to learn the prior distribution of images, which can be used in inverse problems to derive the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimate and to sample from the posterior distribution. Compared to the…
We describe the effective supergravity theory present below the scale of spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking due to an anomalous U(1), obtained by integrating out tree-level interactions of massive modes. A simple case is examined in some…
Inclusion of the QED higher order radiative corrections in the two-photon process, e+e- -> e+e- mu+mu-, is examined by means of the structure function and the parton shower. Results are compared with the exact $O(\alpha)$ calculations and…