Related papers: Evidences for a New Fundamental Interaction
Over the years, comprehensive experiments have shown a fact that the nucleons, such as the proton and neutron, are formed by not only the "valence" up and down quarks which were thought to comprise the nucleons in a simple constituent…
The Baryon-Lepton difference ($B-L$) is increasingly emerging as a possible new symmetry of the weak interactions of quarks and leptons as a way to understand the small neutrino masses. There is the possibility that current and future…
Despite the progress made in understanding the NN interactions at long distances based on effective field theories, the understanding of the dynamics of short range NN interactions remains as elusive as ever. One of the most fascinating…
Measurements of $\alpha_s$, the coupling strength of the Strong Interaction between quarks and gluons, are summarised and an updated value of the world average of $\alpha_s (M_Z)$ is derived. Building up on previous reviews, special…
Comparison of properties of quark and leptons as well as understanding their similarities and differences is one of the milestones on the way to underlying physics. Several observations, if not accidental, can strongly affect the…
We discuss the quark parton structure of the $\Lambda$ baryon and the fragmentation of quarks into $\Lambda$ baryons. We show that the hyperfine interaction, responsible for the $\Delta$-$N$ and $\Sigma^0$-$\Lambda$ mass splittings, leads…
We quantify our present knowledge of the size and flavor structure of non-standard neutrino interactions which affect the matter background in the evolution of solar, atmospheric, reactor and long-baseline accelerator neutrinos as…
Previously, it was found that pion superfluidity could be realized in the QCD epoch of the early universe, when lepton flavor asymmetry $|l_{\rm e}+l_\mu|$ is large enough to generate a charge chemical potential $|\mu_{\rm Q}|$ larger than…
The flavor problem and the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) are addressed simultaneously within a supersymmetric preon model. Standard Model fermions are three-body composites of preons confined at Lambda_cr ~ 10^14 GeV by a…
The relic abundances of the light elements synthesized during the first few minutes of the evolution of the Universe provide unique probes of cosmology and the building blocks for stellar and galactic chemical evolution, while also enabling…
Substantial advances in our understanding of several aspects of QCD have been achieved in the recent past using heavy quarks as a tool. However, many open questions still remain. These successes and puzzles are highlighted by the latest…
The short range parts of the strong and weak hyperon-nucleon interactions are studied with quark substructure of the baryons taken into account. A summary of the quark cluster model calculations of the baryon-baryon interactions is…
We match the non-relativistic quark model, with both flavor dependent and flavor independent effective quark-quark interactions, to the spin-flavor operator basis of the 1/Nc expansion for the L=1 non-strange baryons. We obtain analytic…
Some recent developments concerning the role of strange quark matter for astrophysical systems and the QCD phase transition in the early universe are addressed. Causality constraints of the soft nuclear equation of state as extracted from…
We study the baryonic fluctuations from second to eighth order involving electric charge, baryon number and strangeness below the quark-gluon plasma crossover and numerically known from lattice QCD calculations. By considering a particular…
The properties of strange quark matter and the structures of (proto-)strange stars are studied within the framework of an equivparticle model, where a new quark mass scaling and self-consistent thermodynamic treatment are adopted. Our…
Grand unified theories with fermions transforming as irreducible representations of a discrete nonabelian flavor symmetry can lead to realistic fermion masses, without requiring very small fundamental parameters. We construct a specific…
Big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) describes the production of the lightest nuclides via a dynamic interplay among the four fundamental forces during the first seconds of cosmic time. We briefly overview the essentials of this physics, and…
The properties of the quark-gluon medium observed in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are discussed. The main experimental facts about these collisions are briefly described and compared with data about proton-proton collisions. Both…
The strong interaction - governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - shapes the structure of the visible universe. At about 10 $\mu$s after the big bang, the primordial matter made up of quarks and gluons plus leptons, photons and neutrinos,…