Related papers: Remark on the vectorlike nature of the electromagn…
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamics of the electroweak and strong forces. The particle content, structure and symmetries of the Standard Model Lagrangian are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the many…
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamics of the electroweak and strong forces. The particle content, structure and symmetries of the Standard Model Lagrangian are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the many…
I review why we believe the electromagnetic, strong, and weak interactions are gauge theories, and what this implies for the self interactions of the gauge bosons. The modern point of view regarding non-renormalizable effective field…
In this work, we present an explanation of the electric charge quantization based on a semi-classical model of electrostatic fields. We claim that in electrostatics, an electric charge must be equal to a rational multiple of the elementary…
The Standard Model of electroweak interactions is shown to include a gauge theory for the observed scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. This is done by exploiting the consequences of embedding the SU(2)left X U(1) group into the chiral group of…
In the framework of Standard Model for the arbitrary values of Higgs and fermions fields hypercharges, taking into account parity invariance of electromagnetic interaction, expressions for the fermions charges, testifying the electric…
An interplay between electromagnetic and gravitational interactions is studied with particular emphasis on the particles mass dependence of amplitudes. The cancellations between diagrams due to the gauge invarinace are explicitly…
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamical forces among the fundamental constituents of matter. The particle content, structure and symmetries of the Standard Model Lagrangian are discussed. Special emphasis is given to…
Starting from a weak gauge principle we give a new and critical revision of the argument leading to charge quantization on arbitrary spacetimes. The main differences of our approach with respect to previous works appear on spacetimes with…
We propose a three-fold covering of the group ${U}(2)$ as a gauge group for the electroweak interactions for the purpose of describing fields with integer and fractional electric charges with respect to the residual electromagnetic gauge…
The mass of an electroweakly interacting neutrino consists of the electric and weak parts responsible for the existence of its charge, charge radius, and magnetic moment. Such connections explain the formation of paraneutrinos, for example,…
Quantum electrodynamics describes the interactions of electrons and photons. Electric charge (the gauge coupling constant) is energy dependent, and there is a previous claim that charge is affected by gravity (described by general…
The Standard Model of the electroweak and strong interactions of particle physics is a quantum field theory. Elementary particles are not indivisible `pieces' of matter but energy bundles of fields, whose properties and interactions are a…
The mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking in Little Higgs Models is analyzed in an effective field theory approach. This enables us to identify observable effects irrespective of the specific structure and content of the heavy degrees…
The standard model for electroweak interactions uses the concepts of weak hypercharge and local gauge invariance of the Lagrangian density under the gauge group SU(2) x U(1). Taylor has remarked that U(1), being a multiply-connected group,…
In gauge theories like the standard model, the electric charges of the fermions can be heavily constrained from the classical structure of the theory and from the cancellation of anomalies. There is however mounting evidence suggesting that…
Reassigning degrees of freedom in the standard model allows an interpretation where the SU(2) gauge group is vector-like and parity violation moves to the strong and electromagnetic interactions. In this picture, the electron is paired with…
The quantization of the electrical charge in the electrodynamics and of the hypercharge in the standard model are imposed in the theory based not on theoretical arguments but on the experimental observations. In this paper we propose a…
In the context of the standard model the quantization of the electric charge occurs only family by family. When we consider the three families together with massless neutrinos the electric charge is not quantized any more. Here we show that…
We consider a model for the electroweak interactions based on the assumption that physical particles are singlets under the gauge group SU(2). The concept of complementarity explains why the standard model works with such an extraordinary…